“…Various studies have identified TPE in traditional media forms such as radio [ 60 ], newspapers [ 64 ], and television [ 65 ]. With the advent of the Internet and new media, scholars have conducted extensive research on TPE, encompassing areas like the Internet [ 25 , 66 , 67 ], video games [ 68 ], and pornography [ 27 , 28 , 69 , 70 ].…”