The Influence of Metabolic Syndrome on the Prognosis of Idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss

Abstract

Objectives: We aimed to verify the hypothesis that metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components affect the prognosis of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISNNHL). Study Design: A retrospective cohort study. Setting: Tertiary otology referral center. Patients: We divided patients who were diagnosed with ISSNHL between January 2015 and January 2018 into a MetS group and a Non-MetS group according to the diagnostic criteria of MetS. Interventions: We diagnosed ISSNHL patients by using pure-tone audiometry and treated them with oral steroids, blood flow promoting agents, and hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Main Outcome Measures: We used multivariate logistic analysis to identify prognostic factors of ISSNHL. Results: The MetS group comprised 94 patients, and the Non-MetS group comprised 162 subjects. Despite the rate of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and BMI, no significant difference was observed between the two groups (p > 0.05). The rates of complete recovery and partial recovery of the MetS group were significantly lower than those of the Non-MetS group (p < 0.05). According to the multivariate analysis, MetS was significantly correlated with a poor prognosis (OR = 2.912, p = 0.008), and the OR increased with an increase in the number of MetS components. Late onset of treatment, high initial hearing threshold, and presence of diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia were associated with a poor prognosis (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The presence of MetS may negatively affect the recovery of Chinese patients with ISSNHL, and the prognosis was poorer with an increase in the number of MetS components. Early onset of treatment, low initial hearing threshold and absence of diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia are associated with favorable hearing recovery.

Aging and Central Auditory Disinhibition: Is It a Reflection of Homeostatic Downregulation or Metabolic Vulnerability?

“…The prognosis of hearing loss and tinnitus is associated with other metabolic disorders, such as diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and hypothyroidism [166][167][168]. It was found that metabolic syndrome negatively affected the recovery of Chinese patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss [166].…”

“…The prognosis of hearing loss and tinnitus is associated with other metabolic disorders, such as diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and hypothyroidism [166][167][168]. It was found that metabolic syndrome negatively affected the recovery of Chinese patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss [166]. Moreover, a long history of hyperlipidemia was associated with the presence of a subtype of tinnitus that is characterized by a high rate of discomfort and inability to habituate [168].…”

Metabolic syndrome and idiopathic sudden sensori-neural hearing loss

“…Zhou et al [15], in a series of 228 patients affected by ISSHL, showed that MetS was associated with poorer hearing recovery; similar results were reported by Zhang et al [13] in 94 patients and Jung et al in 124 patients [14]. It should be noted that in all these studies obesity was evaluated with the BMI and not with the waist circumference.…”

“…Patients who showed <15 dB gain was considered "no improvement". In the present study as in Zhang et al [13], complete and partial recovery were defined as "recovered" and slight and no recovery were defined as "no recovered".…”

“…Chien et al [ 12 ] in a case control study have reported that MetS increase the risk of sudden hearing loss and that the risk increase with the number of MetS components. In addition the presence of MetS has been associated with poorer hearing recovery by other authors [ 13 – 15 ] that however have not used central obesity as a criterion for MetS.…”