The influence of method and frequency of irrigation on soil aeration and some biochemical responses of apple trees

Gur, A.; Dasberg, S.; Schkolnik, I.; Sapir, E.; Peled, M.

doi:10.1007/bf00263096

Cited by 4 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Indications for root hypoxia in apple trees are a low soil-air content, or a low 0 2, and high C 0 2 and ethylene content of the soil atmosphere (16). In addition, a high ethanol content of the shoot bark has been found to be indicative for root hypoxia in Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…In subtropical climates lacking summer rains, root hypoxia in fruit trees can occur due either to heavy rains in late winter or to irrigation practices. In Israel, the tendency is to increase the frequency of summer irrigations, although in sprinkle-irrigated clay soils, irrigation intervals of < 7 days induce conditions of root hypoxia (16). With trickle irrigation, which is frequently applied on a daily basis, harmful effects are less clearly defined, since the soil is not uniformly wetted.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The deleterious C 0 2 levels for apple trees depend on the 0 2 content of the soil atmosphere (22). Also, ethylene concentrations in the soil atmosphere may exceed 3 ixHiter-1 under conditions of inadequate soil aeration, a concentration that may cause decline of apple trees (16).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The physiological effects of root hypoxia result in the formation of acetaldehyde and ethanol in the roots, both related to storage breakdown of apples (9,31), and their transport to the tree tops (15,16). The occurrence of acetaldehyde is, however, regarded by some authors as a cause of breakdown (6,17,28), and by others as a result (29,31,32).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Root Hypoxia and Storage Breakdown of ‘Jonathan’ Apples

Gur

Meir

1987

J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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Stored ‘Jonathan’ apple (Malus domestica Borkh) fruit from poorly aerated trickle-irrigated plots had a high incidence of “Jonathan breakdown” (starting as flesh browning beneath the peel) and, from sprinkle-irrigated plots, “Senescent breakdown” (starting from the core area). The flesh of such fruit was high in ethanol at picking time and in acetaldehyde after several months of storage. High ethanol levels in the fruit after 4 months of storage were related to a high ethylene production of the fruit. High soluble solid levels were characteristic of fruit prone to Jonathan breakdown but not to senescent breakdown. The acid content of the fruit flesh was directly correlated with the acetaldehyde content after several months of storage. The acetaldehyde content of the flesh of fruit from plots suffering from root hypoxia rose after 3 months of storage at 1°C. In contrast, the ethanol content of healthy fruit decreased gradually during storage. Fruit from plots suffering from root hypoxia, and particularly their peel, were low in Ca, Β, and Fe, but high in K. Low fruit Ca was related to high acid, acetaldehyde, and sorbitol levels. Fruit low in Ca softened rapidly in storage.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Root Hypoxia and Storage Breakdown of ‘Jonathan’ Apples

Gur

Meir

1987

J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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“…In some geographic regions, apple orchards also require frequent irrigation (24). Sprinkler irrigation of apple trees is optimal for fruit growth (10). More than 85% of the modern irrigated apple orchards in the Pacific Northwest use sprinkler irrigation, and widespread adaptation of over-tree sprinkling is used because of economic benefits of the evaporative cooling of apples, which increases fruit color, improves storage life after harvest, prevents sun scald and sun burn, and increases total photosynthesis (7,8,11,26).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Infectivity of Cryptosporidium parvum Oocysts after Storage of Experimentally Contaminated Apples

Macarisin

Santı́n

Bauchan

et al. 2010

Journal of Food Protection

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Irrigation water and washing water have been inferred to be associated with contamination of fresh fruits and vegetables with pathogenic microorganisms infectious for humans. The objective of the present study was to determine whether apples experimentally contaminated with Cryptosporidium oocysts represent a food safety concern. Laser scanning confocal microscopy revealed no morphological changes in Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts attached to apples after 6 weeks of cold storage, suggesting that oocysts might remain viable and possibly infectious during prolonged storage. Mice were fed apple peels from experimentally contaminated apples to determine whether oocysts had remained infectious on apples stored for 4 weeks. All mice developed cryptosporidiosis. To evaluate the strength of oocyst attachment to apples, washing methods that have been reported to be helpful for recovery of oocysts from various foodstuffs were evaluated, except that the intensity of washing was increased in the present study. None of the tested washing methods succeeded in completely removing oocysts from the apple peel. The most efficient removal (37.5%) was achieved by rigorous manual washing in water with a detergent and by agitation in an orbital shaker with Tris-sodium dodecyl sulfate buffer. Glycine and phosphate-buffered saline buffers had no effect on oocyst removal. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that some oocysts were attached in deep natural crevices in the apple exocarp and others were attached to the smooth surface of the peel. Some oocysts were closely associated with what appeared to be an amorphous substance with which they might have been attached to the apple surface.

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Water-in-Plants Bibliography, volume 5 1979

Pospíšilová¹,

Solárová²

1980

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The influence of method and frequency of irrigation on soil aeration and some biochemical responses of apple trees

Cited by 4 publications

References 8 publications

Root Hypoxia and Storage Breakdown of ‘Jonathan’ Apples

Root Hypoxia and Storage Breakdown of ‘Jonathan’ Apples

Infectivity of Cryptosporidium parvum Oocysts after Storage of Experimentally Contaminated Apples

Water-in-Plants Bibliography, volume 5 1979

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