The Influence of Minority Status on Job Stability After Traumatic Brain Injury

Abstract

Minority status is an independent predictor of short-term job stability after TBI. Minority TBI survivors were more likely than Caucasians to be unemployed or unstably employed. Rehabilitation professionals should develop employment interventions that will address the specific needs of these racial/ethnic groups and facilitate optimal employment outcomes for minority TBI survivors.

Multi-level modelling of employment probability trajectories and employment stability at 1, 2 and 5 years after traumatic brain injury

“…Further, the multinomial logistic regressions showed that younger patients, those with a lower GCS and greater length of PTA and greater length of hospital stay were negatively associated with employment stability, in agreement with previous studies [12,19]. Previous studies on the association between marital status and employment after TBI have shown contradictory results, with some studies supporting marital status to be a significant predictor of employment post-injury [4,12,14,16], while others have not [30]. Some possible explanations of the heterogeneous results across studies are variations in the data collected, a lack of consistency in methodology and cultural differences.…”

“…A literature review by Shames et al [1] showed that the proportions of individuals with TBI who returned to work have varied between studies, ranging from 13-70%. Some studies have found that gender [2][3][4][5][6], age [4,5,[7][8][9][10], education [4,5,7,9,[11][12][13][14][15][16], pre-injury employment [4,7,10,[15][16][17][18], marital status [4,5,12,14,16], race [4,12,16], injury severity [4,6,8,13,15,17,19], cause of injury [13,15], disability [8,10,16], rehabilitation length of stay [4,…”

“…Less severe injuries and better neuropsychological functioning in the subacute phase were also found to be associated with maintaining employment during the first 5 years after injury [6,19]. A recent study by Arango-Lasprilla et al [16] explored job stability among individuals with mild-to-severe TBI with follow-up at 1, 2 and 3 years after injury, finding that a combination of demographic factors and functional recovery predicted job stability over time.…”

Modeling of Community Integration Trajectories in the First Five Years after Traumatic Brain Injury

“…23 Another study reported worse outcomes for older individuals but also conversely those who were female. 24,25 With respect to race/ethnicity, a number of studies have found that minority groups experience lower levels of community integration, [26][27][28] compared with white Americans, even after controlling for age, education, injury severity, and income. 29 Other research has suggested that environmental factors, such as family functioning, social support, government policies, and health care accessibility, can serve as barriers or facilitators to community reintegration.…”

Community integration: Current issues in cognitive and vocational rehabilitation for individuals with ABI

“…Kreutzer et al found that minorities were less likely than whites to be stably employed over the 4 years following ABI [46]. Arango-Lasprilla et al found that, compared with whites, minorities were 4.92 times (2.468, 9.792) more likely to be unemployed versus stably employed, 2.37 times (1.400, 4.011) more likely to be unemployed versus unstably employed, and 2.08 times (1.042, 4.131) more likely to be unstably employed versus stably employed [47].…”