The Influence of Moderate and High Dietary Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (LCPUFA) on Baboon Neonate Tissue Fatty Acids

Hsieh, Andrea T.; Anthony, James R.; Diersen-Schade, Deborah A.; Rumsey, Steven C.; Lawrence, Peter; Li, Cun; Nathanielsz, Peter W.; Brenna, J. Thomas

doi:10.1203/pdr.0b013e318045bec9

Cited by 63 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 33 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…1, panels A and C) proved different from the relation with AA. Generally, brain DHA is more sensitive to dietary DHA than brain AA is to dietary AA, which has been shown in baboons [35] and may also be derived from autopsy studies in breast and formula fed infants [36][37][38]. The descending part of the U-shaped relation between GM quality and the iRBC DHA/AA ratio (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…What brain areas are involved in the ascending part of the curve might become suggested from studies in newborn baboons. These show that the brain motor areas are not only highest in DHA (and AA) contents [44], but also the most sensitive to DHA supplementation [35]. Experiments with young rats revealed that fish oil supplementation influences several neurochemical and behavioral features of monoaminergic function, causing an increase of cerebral membrane phosphatidylserine, higher dopamine, reduction of monoamineoxidase-B activity and greater binding to dopamine D2 receptors in the frontal cortex, and also lower ambulatory activity [45].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…It is well known that the various parts of the fetal brain have different DHA and AA contents and that not all parts are equally sensitive to dietary DHA alterations. For instance, Hsieh et al [35] showed that the newborn baboon cerebral cortex DHA content still increases at higher DHA intakes, while basal ganglia and limbic system DHA already saturate at lower intakes. The ascending part of the U-shaped curve, although indicating an increase of MA GM quality with increasing DHA/AA ratio, does not exclude a beneficial effect of DHA for some parts of the brain and their functions at later age, or may indicate a different developmental trajectory.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Mildly abnormal general movement quality in infants is associated with higher Mead acid and lower arachidonic acid and shows a U-shaped relation with the DHA/AA ratio

Goor

Schaafsma

Erwich

et al. 2010

Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Mildly abnormal general movement quality in infants is associated with higher Mead acid and lower arachidonic acid and shows a U-shaped relation with the DHA/AA ratio van Goor, S. A.; Schaafsma, A.; Erwich, Jan Jaap H. M.; Brouwer, Dineke; Muskiet, Frits Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim.Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum. a b s t r a c tWe showed that docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation during pregnancy and lactation was associated with more mildly abnormal (MA) general movements (GMs) in the infants. Since this finding was unexpected and inter-individual DHA intakes are highly variable, we explored the relationship between GM quality and erythrocyte DHA, arachidonic acid (AA), DHA/AA and Mead acid in 57 infants of this trial. MA GMs were inversely related to AA, associated with Mead acid, and associated with DHA/ AA in a U-shaped manner. These relationships may indicate dependence of newborn AA status on synthesis from linoleic acid. This becomes restricted during the intrauterine period by abundant de novo synthesis of oleic and Mead acids from glucose, consistent with reduced insulin sensitivity during the third trimester. The descending part of the U-shaped relation between MA GMs and DHA/AA probably indicates DHA shortage next to AA shortage. The ascending part may reflect a different developmental trajectory that is not necessarily unfavorable.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Mildly abnormal general movement quality in infants is associated with higher Mead acid and lower arachidonic acid and shows a U-shaped relation with the DHA/AA ratio

Goor

Schaafsma

Erwich

et al. 2010

Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Our most recent studies are consistent with these observations. Importantly, they extend them by showing that dietary DHA levels of 1% do raise cerebral cortex DHA beyond that which can be achieved by lower levels [24].…”

Section: Effect Of Supplementation and Prematuritymentioning

confidence: 76%

The influence of dietary docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid on central nervous system polyunsaturated fatty acid composition

Brenna

Diau²

2007

Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids

178

111

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Numerous studies on perinatal long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid nutrition have clarified the influence of dietary docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (ARA) on central nervous system PUFA concentrations. In humans, omnivorous primates, and piglets, DHA and ARA plasma and red blood cells concentrations rise with dietary preformed DHA and ARA. Brain and retina DHA are responsive to diet while ARA is not. DHA is at highest concentration cells and tissues associated with high energy consumption, consistent with high DHA levels in mitochondria and synaptosomes. DHA is a substrate for docosanoids, signaling compounds of intense current interest. The high concentration in tissues with high rates of oxidative metabolism may be explained by a critical role related to oxidative metabolism.Neural tissue contains the highest concentrations of the most highly unsaturated fatty acids found in mammals. The aggressive increase in specific CNS long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCP) starting about 25 weeks of gestation lead to studies of the perinatal ontogeny of LCP in the CNS [1][2][3], and to studies of consequences of abnormal supply of LCP [4,5]. These in turn led to concerns for CNS development in the smallest preterm infants [6,7], who do not benefit from placental transfer of LCP, particularly docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (ARA), during the third trimester of gestation and until recently were fed on diets devoid of LCP. Though several tracer studies showed that even the smallest preterm infants synthesize DHA and ARA (e.g., [8]), and that primates synthesize DHA in utero [9], the capacity to synthesize DHA appears to be very low in humans at all life stages [10]. Studies of autopsy samples of infants dying due to non-neurological events showed that the concentration of CNS DHA is 10-30% lower in bottle fed term infants than in breastfed infants, depending on the region of the CNS [11,12]. These studies were performed prior to the era when DHA was a component of infant formula, and were widely interpreted as suggestive of the hypothesis that dietary DHA promotes CNS DHA status. These studies along with early animal studies prompted intense interest as to whether DHA enhances functional development in human infants.

show abstract

“…In the featured work in this issue of Pediatric Research, Hsieh and colleagues, working in Tom Brenna's laboratory, demonstrated that when DHA is added to formula fed to newborn baboons in a range similar to that found in some human infant formulas (0.33 wt% theoretical and 0.42 wt% actual), that brain DHA content was significantly increased in the plasma, erythrocyte, heart, cerebral cortex (both precentral gyrus and frontal lobe), globus pallidus, caudate, and superior and inferior colliculi (10). This is consistent with previous work from this laboratory showing that DHA supplementation could largely prevent the losses in brain DHA associated with unsupplemented formulas and restore them to the breast-fed control level (11).…”

mentioning

confidence: 88%

What is the Right Level of DHA in the Infant Diet?: Commentary on article by Hsieh et al. on page 537

Salem

2007

Pediatr Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA,) is a most extraordinary molecule, containing six double bonds, about the most that you can fit onto a 22-carbon fatty acid in the methylene-interrupted structure commonly used in the biologic motif. What is even more extraordinary is that the brain and retina concentrate this fatty acid against a concentration gradient and incorporate it at high levels into their membrane phospholipids (1). Although these observations were made several decades ago, the curiosity of lipid biochemists has only recently begun to be assuaged with some appreciation of what the functions of this unusual fatty acid might be. It is now apparent that DHA-phospholipid species subserve a regulatory role for G protein coupled receptors (2) due to their ability to impart unique physical properties to biologic membranes or microenvironments thereof (3). Also of direct relevance to the issue of neurodevelopment is the demonstration that DHA can protect against apoptosis (4,5) and increase neuronal process outgrowth. DHA is also known to be a ligand for the RXR receptor and influence protein expression. It can be made into potent bioactive eicosanoid-like compounds termed neuroprotectins that may play a role in Alzheimer's disease (5). A wealth of animal work has indicated that when the nervous system is deficient in DHA, there are many adverse consequences for brain and retinal function as indicated by behavioral or physiologic endpoints (1,6). It should be no surprise then that leaving DHA out of infant formulas, as was done in the United States and much of the world in the 20 th century, could result in suboptimal neurodevelopment. There have now been many randomized, controlled trials of infant formula with or without DHA, or with DHA and arachidonic acid (ARA) as the key variable. Many of these studies, although not all, have shown a benefit for DHA in the range of from 0.12-0.36 wt% for nervous system function or development (7).These studies then lead to the question as to the level of DHA in human milk and the infant diet. A recent sampling of human milk DHA content in nine countries indicates a range of from a low of 0.17 wt% in both the United States and Canada to a high of 0.99 wt% in Japan (8). It was of interest that milk ARA content was more consistent with a value of around 0.4 wt% across these countries with their varied diets. The considerable variation in milk DHA content is a direct result of the varying levels of DHA intake in these populations and the milk content can be readily manipulated by increasing DHA intake (9). The low level of DHA observed in women in the Northern Hemisphere is due to their very low intake of preformed DHA.In the featured work in this issue of Pediatric Research, Hsieh and colleagues, working in Tom Brenna's laboratory, demonstrated that when DHA is added to formula fed to newborn baboons in a range similar to that found in some human infant formulas (0.33 wt% theoretical and 0.42 wt% actual), that brain DHA content was significantly increased in the plasma, erythrocyte...

show abstract

The Influence of Moderate and High Dietary Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (LCPUFA) on Baboon Neonate Tissue Fatty Acids

Cited by 63 publications

References 33 publications

Mildly abnormal general movement quality in infants is associated with higher Mead acid and lower arachidonic acid and shows a U-shaped relation with the DHA/AA ratio

Mildly abnormal general movement quality in infants is associated with higher Mead acid and lower arachidonic acid and shows a U-shaped relation with the DHA/AA ratio

The influence of dietary docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid on central nervous system polyunsaturated fatty acid composition

What is the Right Level of DHA in the Infant Diet?: Commentary on article by Hsieh et al. on page 537

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About