The Influence of Modernity on Kurdish Architectural Identity

Abstract

Problem statement:This study discussed the concept of identity and the role of modernity in shifting towards globalization. The literature study covered definitions of the key words which are modernity, identity and architecture. The definition included description and issues related to the key words, which became a crucial study in identifying factors which influence the concept of change and continuity in architectural identity. Approach: This study adapted a procedure of two measuring scale Syntax analysis and Semantic analysis. The study identified checklist factors which will be used as a measurable factor for the syntax analysis and prepared a proper standardized questionnaire for (Semantic analysis). The aim was to do qualitative analysis to the influence of modernity to the architectural identity throughout the history of architecture. It illustrated the level of modern influence by western and international style that bore with its unprecedented modern concepts in comparison to the accustomed norm of the traditional architecture of the region. Results: This analysis was to evaluate negative impacts on the modern architecture in relation to the local culture, religion and environment. The case study was selected areas influenced by the development of modern buildings in Erbil city, one of the ancient cities in Iraq. Conclusion: The research contribution was to measure the level of modern influence that has damaged the traditional building identity in Erbil City.

Climate-responsive design strategy for Erbil city

“…The housing architecture of Erbil city has been affected by the Iraqi liberation in 2003, resulting in its transformation in accordance with the economic, cultural and political changes. This transformation has led to the misconception of the traditional architectural characteristics (Baper and Hassan, 2010). Most of the modern buildings in Erbil (built after 2000s), particularly residential ones, are influenced from Western architectural styles and contextually are far from the local characteristics and culture (Shwany, 2018, p. 26).…”

Buildings Façades A Challenge of Cultural Identity In The Context Of Modernity

“…In addition, architectural identity implied a place with a special characteristic that has a power of expression through a specific time, which differentiate between multiple societies, therefore, forgetting traditional architecture and using only modern technology would lead to forgetting the lessons that can be learnt from the history [6,13]. As a result, traditional architecture is a type of architecture that has historical and cultural continuity that has grown over time and adapting to the different social and economic conditions of each period, while, modernity is seen as a technological and scientific revolution that change the culture and social life and rejects the heritage of the past [14]. In addition, modernity is historical transformation aims to use new technology in order to provide sustainable buildings that respond to local environment and provide occupant satisfaction [15].…”

“…Moreover, the change in architectural identity follows these categories. The first one is imitating the source without any modifications; the second with minor changes; the third adding new elements; the fourth one is a major change; the last one with totally changes that altering the system [14]. Several research studies about architectural identity and modernity in Kuwait by interviewing different architects.…”

Cities’ Identity Through Architecture and Arts

“…The search for a public architecture identity seems to be a must for countries that are either newly independent or those with a leadership that stresses that certain groups or races are 'better' than others (Baper & Hassan, 2010). In the last few decades, we have often heard about identity in architecture, and this is now a daily concern for architects, designers and deciders.…”