The influence of moonlight and lunar periodicity on the efficacy of CDC light trap in sampling Phlebotomus (Larroussius) orientalis Parrot, 1936 and other Phlebotomus sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in Ethiopia

Gebresilassie, Araya; Yared, Solomon; Aklilu, Essayas; Kirstein, Oscar D.; Moncaz, Aviad; Tekie, Habte; Balkew, Meshesha; Warburg, Alon; Hailu, Asrat; Gebre-Michael, Teshome

doi:10.1186/s13071-015-0723-7

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Moonlight reduces the distance from which light traps are visible (Alexander, 2000). A previous study reported a strong negative association between moon illumination and Phlebotomus orientalis (Parrot, 1936) yields in light traps in Ethiopia (Gebresilassie et al, 2015), but this was not the case in the present study. The majority of sand flies were caught in traps placed indoors, where the effect of moonlight is likely to be smaller.…”

Section: Variablecontrasting

confidence: 88%

Investigations of Phlebotomus perniciosus sand flies in rural Spain reveal strongly aggregated and gender‐specific spatial distributions and advocate use of light‐attraction traps

Muñoz

Risueño

Yılmaz

et al. 2017

Medical Vet Entomology

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The spatial and temporal distribution of Phlebotomus perniciosus (Diptera: Psychodidae) (Newstead, 1911), the sand fly vector of pathogens of public and animal health importance, was investigated in a high sand fly density rural area in Spain using light‐attraction and sticky‐interception traps. Traps were placed inside animal buildings and outside at increasing distance from animals. A total of 8506 sand flies were collected, 87% with light traps. Species frequency differed between trap types. The abundance of P. perniciosus decreased exponentially with increasing distance to animals and, while females were most common in the animal enclosure, males predominated in adjoining storage places. Increasing CO2 concentration had an additional positive effect on female abundance only. Both male and female density increased with rising temperature, and there was some indication that females were more active than males at higher relative humidity. The study confirms that P. perniciosus aggregates around animal premises, although male and female distributions differ and should be analysed separately to account for biological and behavioural differences. This provides further evidence that light traps offer an accurate estimation of the relative spatial and temporal abundance of P. perniciosus, conferring an added value for the study of this species and the risk of pathogen transmission.

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Section: Variablecontrasting

confidence: 88%

Investigations of Phlebotomus perniciosus sand flies in rural Spain reveal strongly aggregated and gender‐specific spatial distributions and advocate use of light‐attraction traps

Muñoz

Risueño

Yılmaz

et al. 2017

Medical Vet Entomology

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“…In a similar vein, Dzhafarov () remarked that the effectiveness of the light trap is reliant upon the ‘degree of darkness’ that prevails. This, in essence, follows Verheijen's () dictum that it is the reduction in the ‘degree of contrast’ that helps explain why light traps give lower returns under a bright moonlit sky (Gebresilassie et al ., ). The light trap's ‘dependence’ upon total darkness to ‘photically disorient’ insects, in conjunction with the northward lengthening of the crepuscular, means that the light trap will become increasingly less effective until it is rendered worthless by the continuous twilight of Arctic nights (Southwood & Henderson, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The dying of the light: crepuscular activity in Culicoides and impact on light trap efficacy at temperate latitudes

Meiswinkel¹,

Elbers

2015

Medical Vet Entomology

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The light trap is the tool of choice for conducting large-scale Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) vector surveillance programmes. Its efficacy is in doubt, however. To assess this, hourly changes in Culicoides activity over the 24-h diel were determined comparatively by way of light trapping and aerial sweeping, and correlated against light intensity. In the Netherlands, sweeping around cattle at pasture revealed that, in early summer, Culicoides are active throughout the diel, and that their abundance peaks during the crepuscular period and falls to a low during the brightest hours of the day. By contrast, the light trap was able to accumulate Culicoides only at night (i.e. after illuminance levels had dropped to 0 lux and midge activity had begun to decline). Although Culicoides chiopterus and species of the Culicoides obsoletus complex were similarly abundant around livestock, they differed critically in their hours of peak activity, being largely diurnal and nocturnal, respectively. This polarity helps to explain why, routinely, the C. obsoletus complex dominates light trap collections and C. chiopterus does not. Inability to accumulate Culicoides at light intensity levels above 0 lux means that, at ever-higher latitudes, particularly beyond 45° N, the progressive northward lengthening of the twilight period will have an increasingly adverse impact upon the efficacy of the light trap as a vector surveillance tool.

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“…This might explain the number of captured sand ies being lower than that the number captured at the entrance of the cave. Furthermore, moonlight or the lunar cycle may interfere with the light intensity of the traps which affects sand y collection [27][28][29]. Sand ies exhibit phototaxis, therefore, increased intensity of moon illumination may adversely affect light trap attraction.…”

Section: Trapmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field evaluation of four commercial light traps, trap placement, and effect of carbon dioxide on phlebotomine sand fly collection in Thailand

Somwang

Khositharattanakool

Pathawong

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Several light trap devices have been invented and developed to assess the abundance of sand flies. Traps available in the market have different designs and attractant combinations to catch sand fly vectors. We evaluated the efficacy of four commercial light traps and determined the effect of trap placement and carbon dioxide (CO2) on sand fly collection in northern Thailand. Methods Trap evaluations were conducted at two natural caves located in Chiang Rai province, Thailand. In the first part of the study, the efficacies of four trap types including the Centers for Disease Control miniature light trap (CDC LT), Encephalitis Vector Survey trap (EVS), CDC Updraft Blacklight trap (CDC UB), and Laika trap (LK) were evaluated and compared using a Latin square experimental design. The second half of the study evaluated the influence of trap placement and CO2 on sand fly collection. Additionally, CDC LT were placed inside, outside, and at the entrance of caves to compare the number of sand flies collected. Results For the trap efficacy experiment, a total of 11,876 phlebotomine sand flies were collected over 32 trap-nights. Results demonstrated that CDC LT, CDC UB, and LK collected significantly more sand flies than EVS (P > 0.05). However, there were no significant differences between the numbers of sand flies collected by CDC LT, CDC UB, and LK. A total of 6,698 sand flies were collected from the trap placement and CO2 experiment over 72 trap-nights. Results showed that CO2 did not influence the numbers of sand flies captured (P < 0.05), whereas trap placement at the entrance of the caves resulted in collection of significantly more sand flies than traps placed inside and outside of the caves. Conclusion We found the CDC LT, CDC UB, and LK without CO2 captured the greatest amount of sand flies. This was particularly observed when traps were placed at the entrance of a cave, perhaps because of the greater passage of stimuli caused by wind flow at the entrance of the cave. The light traps in this study can be used effectively to collect sand fly vectors in northern Thailand.

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The influence of moonlight and lunar periodicity on the efficacy of CDC light trap in sampling Phlebotomus (Larroussius) orientalis Parrot, 1936 and other Phlebotomus sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in Ethiopia

Cited by 19 publications

References 26 publications

Investigations of Phlebotomus perniciosus sand flies in rural Spain reveal strongly aggregated and gender‐specific spatial distributions and advocate use of light‐attraction traps

Investigations of Phlebotomus perniciosus sand flies in rural Spain reveal strongly aggregated and gender‐specific spatial distributions and advocate use of light‐attraction traps

The dying of the light: crepuscular activity in Culicoides and impact on light trap efficacy at temperate latitudes

Field evaluation of four commercial light traps, trap placement, and effect of carbon dioxide on phlebotomine sand fly collection in Thailand

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