The Influence of Mulching and GA3+Iron Mixture on Head Folding,Bitterness and Quality of Produced Seeds of Lettuce Lactuca sativa var. Longifolia cv. Marul.

Abstract

This study was carried out during the period between November, 2013 and August, 2014
 to decrease unfolding, bitterness and tip burns through adopting a new screening method
 and to produce lettuce seeds and head yields of high qualities. Seeds and plants raised
 from them were treated with mixtures of [0 and 10 mg.l-1 GA3 + 25 mg.l-1 Fe, 10 mg.l-1
 GA3 + 50 mg.l-1 Fe and 10 mg.l-1 GA3+ 75mg.l-1 Fe]. Plants grown on mulched and
 unmulched soils. Mulched soil plants displayed superiority over bare soil in terms:
 number of unfolded leaves, stem length and leaves number by 48.75, 110.85 and
 22.23%, respectively. However, unmulched soil bypassed mulched soil in T.S.S. and dry
 matter percentages of folded leaves, unfolded leaves, stem and folded leaf base (23.96,
 19.41, 30.59, 22.17, 18.52, 28.6, 18.54 and 27.24%, respectively). Lettuce grown on
 mulched soil revealed superiority over that grown on bare soil in N content of folded and
 unfolded leaves (23.1 and 68.75%, respectively), K content of folded leaves, stem and
 folded leaf base (57.85, 42.02 and 24.43%, respectively), Fe content of stem and folded
 leaf base (106.11 and 54.02 g.kg-1, respectively), Ca content of folded leaves, unfolded
 leaves, stem and folded leaf base (424.09, 235.96, 206.02 and 296.78%, respectively). 10
 mg.l-1 GA3 + 75 mg.l-1 Fe displayed preponderance over untreated plants in head fresh
 weight (26.43%), head yield (26.16%), TSS (15.52%), branches number after chopping
 (92.9%), branch heights (66.98%) leaf number (30.82%), B content of folded leaves and
 stem (143.23 and 57.89%, respectively), N content of the folded leaf base (49.73%), K
 content of folded leaves (7.15%), Fe content of stem (152.14%) and Cu content of stem
 (39.54%). Lettuce plant treated by 10 mg.l-1 GA3 + 50 mg.l-1 Fe grown on mulched soil
 overwhelmed other dual interaction treatments as it showed the highest values in head
 fresh weight (821 g), head yield.m-2 (4.93 kg), weight of folded leaves (483.75 g),
 number of unfolded leaves (23.75) and weight of unfolded leaves (335 g).

Risk evaluation of accumulated heavy metals in Radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. sativus) cultivars irrigated by varying water resources

“…Ufasic and Gigante showed very close values of Zn accumulations in plant dry matters and plant edible tissues, while Saxa2 showed the lowest accumulation of Zn (figure, R19-20). Differences among species and even among cultivars in the absorption mineral ions of were recorded in radish (4,5), in cauliflower and Broccoli (4), in lettuce (2,19). Zn level of 25 mg.l -1 shoot Zn concentration of Chinese cabbage was almost 2-fold lower than that of pakchoi or celery Zinc concentration in the edible part of celery was nearly 2fold higher than that of the other two species when grown at higher Zn levels (50mg.l -1…”