Multicultural competencies are critical elements in both counselor preparation and practice. In accordance with the standards of the Council of Accredited Counseling and Related Educational Programs (CACREP), counselor education programs must implement multicultural competencies as one of core curriculum areas. Although research evidences the positive impact of multicultural training, it remains a challenge to establish which curriculum designs and pedagogical approaches are most effective. This study compares self-reported openness and comfort in interactions with diverse populations of 87 counselors-in-training across two distinct multicultural curriculum designs (i.e., single multicultural course vs. infusion through the curriculum) in a CACREP accredited counselor education program in the Midwest. Implications for counselor education programs and counselors in the field are provided.
Author's NotesCorrespondence concerning this article should be sent to Dorota Celinska at dcelinsk@roosevelt.edu and Roberto Swazo at roberto.swazo@uni.edu multicultural competencies regardless of the pedagogical approach (Brown, 2004;Castillo, Brossart, Reyes, Conoley, & Phoummarath, 2007;Cates, Schaefle, Smaby, Maddux, & LeBeauf, 2007; Chu-Lieu Chao, Wei, Good & Flores, 2011;Malott, 2010;Pack-Brown, Thomas, & Seymour, 2008;Sammons & Speight, 2008;Tomlinson-Clarke, 2000). However, it remains a paramount challenge to find the curriculum designs for implementing the multicultural standards that most effectively enables counselors in the field to apply their multicultural knowledge and skills with diverse populations.In particular, there is no evidence to indicate whether or not a single multicultural course (i.e., explicit multicultural curriculum design) is superior to the infusion of multicultural content throughout the counselor education program (i.e., implicit multicultural curriculum design). To address this gap in the multicultural literature, the current study compares the effects of these two curriculum designs (i.e., explicit-single multicultural course versus implicit-infusion throughout the curriculum) on trainees' openness and comfort in interactions with diverse populations.
Single Multicultural Course -Explicit Curriculum DesignSeveral studies support the use of one specific course dedicated solely to multicultural training as an effective curriculum design (Castillo et al., 2007;Coll, Doumas, Trotter, & Freeman, 2013;Malott, 2010;Sammons & Speight, 2008). The authors of the aforementioned studies assert that this curriculum design allows students to gain knowledge about culturally different groups, examine cultural biases, and develop multicultural skills. The acquisition of these competencies are assumed to reduce culturally insensitive behavior and aid in the evergrowing span of multicultural competencies that counselors need in order to work with a diverse clientele.Similarly, a study on introductory multicultural counseling courses conducted by Priester, Jones, Jackson-Bailey, Jana-Masri, Jordan, and M...