“…To date, a number of nanoparticles have been used with various base oils, and the effects on the wear and friction performance of these base oils have been studied [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ]. Those nanomaterials that are most used as lubricant additives include graphene [ 12 , 13 , 14 ], graphene oxide [ 15 ], carbon nanotubes [ 16 , 17 ], boron nitride [ 18 ], silicon dioxide [ 19 ], copper oxide [ 20 ], and titanium dioxide [ 21 ]. Additionally, a few studies have also been conducted on combinations of different nanomaterials (hybrid nanoparticles) as lubricant additives [ 22 , 23 , 24 ].…”