The influence of nanostructure on the mechanical properties of 3D printed polylactide/nanoclay composites

Paspali, Antigoni; Bao, Y.; Gawne, D. T.; Piestert, Frederik; Reinelt, Sebastian

doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2018.07.005

Cited by 31 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Obviously, all printed PLA/CLRS-1 specimens presented a higher elasticity modulus compared to that of neat PLA ( Figure 1). The higher elastic modulus was achieved in printed PLA/CLRS-1 composites, which agrees with the results of Paspali's work regarding the incorporation of nanoclay into PLA [35]. The amount of elongation at break of the PLA/CLRS-1 composites also presented similar characteristics as seen for the tensile strength.…”

Section: Mechanical Behaviorsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…This phenomenon indicated the good dispersity of CLRS-1 in the PLA matrix, and the CLRS-1 simulant in PLA. In comparison with previous research, 10 wt.% of CLRS-1 into PLA only shows a 7.39% reduction in the bending strength of printed composites, compared to a 21.1% reduction in PLA composites with 5 wt.% nanoclay [35]. This phenomenon lays the foundation for the use of PLA/CLRS-1 composites.…”

Section: Mechanical Behaviormentioning

confidence: 39%

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3D Printing and Solvent Dissolution Recycling of Polylactide–Lunar Regolith Composites by Material Extrusion Approach

Han

Zhao

et al. 2020

Polymers

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The in situ resource utilization of lunar regolith is of great significance for the development of planetary materials science and space manufacturing. The material extrusion deposition approach provides an advanced method for fabricating polylactide/lunar regolith simulant (PLA/CLRS-1) components. This work aims to fabricate 3D printed PLA–lunar regolith simulant (5 and 10 wt.%) components using the material extrusion 3D printing approach, and realize their solvent dissolution recycling process. The influence of the lunar regolith simulant on the mechanical and thermal properties of the 3D printed PLA/CLRS-1 composites is systematically studied. The microstructure of 3D printed PLA/CLRS-1 parts was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray computed tomography (XCT) analysis. The results showed that the lunar regolith simulant can be fabricated and combined with a PLA matrix utilizing a 3D printing process, only slightly influencing the mechanical performance of printed specimens. Moreover, the crystallization process of PLA is obviously accelerated by the addition of CLRS-1 because of heterogeneous nucleation. Additionally, by using gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) characterization, it is found that the 3D printing and recycling processes have a negligible influence on the chemical structure and molecular weight of the PLA/CLRS-1 composites. As a breakthrough, we successfully utilize the lunar regolith simulant to print components with satisfactory mechanical properties and confirm the feasibility of recycling and reusing 3D printed PLA/CLRS-1 components via the solvent dissolution recycling approach.

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Section: Mechanical Behaviorsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Mechanical Behaviormentioning

confidence: 39%

3D Printing and Solvent Dissolution Recycling of Polylactide–Lunar Regolith Composites by Material Extrusion Approach

Han

Zhao

et al. 2020

Polymers

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“…However, although in the last decades several authors investigated the use of polymer/clay nanocomposites for achievable benefits, in particular in terms of the improved mechanical, thermal, and barrier properties [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ], only few researches have been devoted to the use of polymer/clay nanocomposites in the FDM 3D printing [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ] and even fewer works have studied the use of PLA/clay nanocomposites [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Printing of PLA/clay Nanocomposites: Influence of Printing Temperature on Printed Samples Properties

et al. 2018

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In this study, the possibility of using a layered silicate-reinforced polylactic acid (PLA) in additive manufacturing applications was investigated. In particular, the aim of this work was to study the influence of printing temperature in the 3D printing process of PLA/clay nanocomposites. For this reason, two PLA grades (4032D and 2003D, D-isomer content 1.5 and 4, respectively) were melt-compounded by a twin screw extruder with a layered silicate (Cloisite 30B) at 4 wt %. Then, PLA and PLA/clay feedstock filaments (diameter 1.75 mm) were produced using a single screw extruder. Dog-bone and prismatic specimens were 3D printed using the FDM technique at three different temperatures, which were progressively increased from melting temperature (185–200–215 °C for PLA 4032D and 165–180–195 °C for PLA 2003D). PLA and PLA/clay specimens were characterized using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and tensile tests. Moreover, the morphology of the 3D printed specimens was investigated using optical microscopy and contact angle measurements. The different polymer matrix and the resulting nanocomposite morphology strongly influenced 3D printed specimen properties. DMA on PLA/clay filaments reported an increase in storage modulus both at ambient temperature and above the glass transition temperature in comparison to neat PLA filaments. Furthermore, the presence of nanoclay increased thermal stability, as demonstrated by TGA, and acted as a nucleating agent, as observed from the DSC measurements. Finally, for 3D printed samples, when increasing printing temperature, a different behavior was observed for the two PLA grades and their nanocomposites. In particular, 3D printed nanocomposite samples exhibited higher elastic modulus than neat PLA specimens, but for PLA 4032D+C30B, elastic modulus increased at increasing printing temperature while for PLA 2003D+C30B slightly decreased. Such different behavior can be explained considering the different polymer macromolecular structure and the different nanocomposite morphology (exfoliated in PLA 4032D matrix and intercalated in PLA 2003D matrix).

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“…To create diverse anisotropic structures, versatile fillers at multilength scales, such as carbon fibers/nanotubes, nanoclay, and alumina platelet, have been introduced in homogeneous matrix. The additives enable the resultant composites with properties beyond each of the components.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These ingenious biological strategies provide infinite inspiration for developing heterogeneous synthetic materials with unique structures and functions, which find various applications in fields such as biomedicine, [7] biomimetic systems, [8] sensors, [9] soft robotics, [10] and flexible electronics. [11] To create diverse anisotropic structures, versatile fillers at multilength scales, such as carbon fibers/nanotubes, [12] nanoclay, [13] and alumina platelet, [14] have been introduced in homogeneous matrix. The additives enable the resultant composites with properties beyond each of the components.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Spontaneous Alignment of Graphene Oxide in Hydrogel during 3D Printing for Multistimuli‐Responsive Actuation

et al. 2020

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Natural materials are often compositionally and structurally heterogeneous for realizing particular functions. Inspired by nature, researchers have designed hybrid materials that possess properties beyond each of the components. Particularly, it remains a great challenge to realize site‐specific anisotropy, which widely exists in natural materials and is responsible for unique mechanical properties as well as physiological behaviors. Herein, the spontaneous formation of aligned graphene oxide (GO) flakes in sodium alginate (SA) matrix with locally controlled orientation via a direct‐ink‐writing printing process is reported. The GO flakes are spontaneously aligned in the SA matrix by shear force when being extruded and then arranged horizontally after drying on the substrate, forming a brick‐and‐mortar structure that could anisotropically contract or expand upon activation by heat, light, or water. By designing the printing pathways directed by finite element analysis, the orientation of GO flakes in the composite is locally controlled, which could further guide the composite to transform into versatile architectures. Particularly, the transformation is reversible when water vapor is applied as one of the stimuli. As a proof of concept, complex morphing architectures are experimentally demonstrated, which are in good consistency with the simulation results.

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The influence of nanostructure on the mechanical properties of 3D printed polylactide/nanoclay composites

Cited by 31 publications

References 30 publications

3D Printing and Solvent Dissolution Recycling of Polylactide–Lunar Regolith Composites by Material Extrusion Approach

3D Printing and Solvent Dissolution Recycling of Polylactide–Lunar Regolith Composites by Material Extrusion Approach

3D Printing of PLA/clay Nanocomposites: Influence of Printing Temperature on Printed Samples Properties

Spontaneous Alignment of Graphene Oxide in Hydrogel during 3D Printing for Multistimuli‐Responsive Actuation

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