The influence of nitrogen on the passivation of stainless steels

Olefjord, I.; Wegrelius, L.

doi:10.1016/0010-938x(96)00018-2

Cited by 228 publications

(135 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Using AES (Auger electron spectroscopy) and XPS, Olsson reported that nitrogen enrichment at the metal/oxide interface of duplex stainless steel occurred during polarization in a NaCl solution. 17) Using XPS, Olefjord 30) showed that nitrogen was concentrated at the oxide/metal interface of polarized austenitic stainless steel in an acidic solution. In the present study, it was indicated that highly concentrated nitrogen existed at the interface during passivation in a neutral solution containing chloride ions.…”

Section: Surface State Of High Nitrogen Steelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Localized Corrosion Behavior of High Nitrogen-bearing Austenitic Stainless Steels in Seawater Environment

2003

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Crevice corrosion behavior of high nitrogen-bearing stainless steels with up to 1.1 mass% nitrogen were investigated in artificial seawater. Specimens were highly purified and contained ultra-high nitrogen of about 1 mass% obtained by using nitrogen gas pressurized electroslag remelting (P-ESR) system. 23%Cr-4%Ni-0 to 2%Mo-0.7 to 1.1%N stainless steels were used as test specimens. Crevice corrosion resistant properties of the stainless steels were evaluated by means of electrochemical corrosion test method using multiple crevice assemblies. Crevice corrosion was confirmed by visual observation to be generated after test and by in-situ current response under test. It was seen that there was a positive correlation between nitrogen content and crevice corrosion potential. High nitrogen-bearing austenitic stainless steels produced by P-ESR had good crevice corrosion resistance. It was also found that ultra-high nitrogen stainless steels containing molybdenum had superior crevice corrosion resistance. Surface of high nitrogen stainless steel was analyzed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). After polarization at the passive potential region (at ϩ300 mV vs. SCE), an alloying nitrogen or nitride peak of N1s spectra appeared at higher take-off angle measurement, indicating that nitrogen concentrated at the inner layer of the interface between passive film and bulk metal. Enriched nitrogen at the interface may be possible to improve crevice corrosion resistance.

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Section: Surface State Of High Nitrogen Steelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Localized Corrosion Behavior of High Nitrogen-bearing Austenitic Stainless Steels in Seawater Environment

2003

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“…The higher chromium concentration in HNS than that in 316L is one reason for high resistance to pitting corrosion, because resistance to pitting corrosion of stainless steel increases with the increase in chromium content. 18) Moreover, following effects of nitrogen are suggested to explain the high resistance of HNS to pitting corrosion: the nitrogen-enriched layer at oxide/metal interface may stabilize the surface oxide film against chloride ion, 16,[19][20][21][22][23] anodic dissolution inside pit maybe inhibited by neutralization of Cl − with NH + 4 at the initial stage of pitting 15) and nitrate ion possibly formed plays as an inhibitor to pitting corrosion by reacting with iron ion. 20) On the surface of the HNS immersed in Hanks, enrichment of nitrogen at oxide/metal interface was also observed by an Auger electron spectroscopy.…”

Section: Corrosion Behavior Of Hns and 316lmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corrosion Behavior of Nickel-Free High Nitrogen Austenitic Stainless Steel in Simulated Biological Environments

et al. 2002

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The corrosion resistance of the nickel-free high nitrogen austenitic stainless steel without manganese, Fe-23Cr-2Mo-1.5N (mass%) (HNS) as biomaterials, was evaluated by the polarization test in various electrolytes: 0.9%NaCl solution (saline), phosphate buffered saline (PBS(-)), Hanks' solution (Hanks) and Eagle's minimum essential medium (E-MEM). Conventional austenitic stainless steel, 316L, was also polarized for comparison. The both alloys were spontaneously passivated in all electrolytes. The HNS didn't show pitting corrosion in the polarization range in all electrolytes although the 316L showed pitting corrosion. Passive current densities of the HNS in all electrolytes were lower than those of 316L. Therefore, the HNS shows higher passivity and resistance to pitting corrosion than 316L. The passive current density in Hanks of HNS was lower than that in saline, indicating that the protectiveness of surface oxide film increased with the existence of inorganic ions such as phosphate and calcium ions. On the other hand, the passive current density in E-MEM was higher than that in Hanks, but was lower than that in saline. Consequently, the HNS must show high corrosion resistance in vivo and be a promising biomaterials.

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“…The behavior of nitrogen on the surface of nitrogen-bearing austenitic stainless steel has been investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), and many research works have reported enhancement of the resistance to localized corrosion. [8][9][10][11][12][13] On the other hand, formation of a chromium oxide film preserves the passivation of stainless steel, and alternate dissolution and regeneration of the passivation film in aqueous solutions keeps a constant thickness of this film. However, in an aqueous solution with a high concentration of chloride ions, the passivation film is locally destroyed and the corrosion advances at an accelerating rate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Nitrogen on Crevice Corrosion and Repassivation Behavior of Austenitic Stainless Steel

Baba

Katada

2008

Mater. Trans.

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Austenitic stainless steels were produced based on a Fe-23 mass%Cr-4 mass%Ni alloy with varying nitrogen (0.7-1 mass%) and molybdenum contents (0-1 mass%), through electro-slag remelting (ESR) under high nitrogen gas pressure. The effects of nitrogen on crevice corrosion behavior in an acidic chloride solution were investigated, and the passive film of the crevice corrosion area after corrosion tests was analyzed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). At the same time, the effects of nitrogen on the passivation behaviors after scratching were also investigated. During crevice corrosion at a noble potential of 0.7 V (SCE), the nitrogen in solid solution in the steel dissolves into the solution as NO 3 À , and its concentration increases with the nitrogen content in the steel. It was also established that the number of corrosion spots, the corrosion loss, and the maximum depth of corrosion all decrease with the increase in the nitrogen content present in the steel and the applied potential. Such results can be attributed to the presence of NO 3 À dissolved into the aqueous solution. On the other hand, results from scratch tests show that the increase in the amount of added nitrogen decreases the peak value of passivation current as well as the amount of electricity during repassivation, suggesting that nitrogen stimulates the passivation process and suppresses the occurrence of crevice corrosion. XPS analysis shows the presence of nitrogen as nitrides and NH 3 in the surface layer of crevice corrosion and the internal layer of passivation films.

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The influence of nitrogen on the passivation of stainless steels

Cited by 228 publications

References 16 publications

Localized Corrosion Behavior of High Nitrogen-bearing Austenitic Stainless Steels in Seawater Environment

Localized Corrosion Behavior of High Nitrogen-bearing Austenitic Stainless Steels in Seawater Environment

Corrosion Behavior of Nickel-Free High Nitrogen Austenitic Stainless Steel in Simulated Biological Environments

Effect of Nitrogen on Crevice Corrosion and Repassivation Behavior of Austenitic Stainless Steel

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