The Influence of Nutrition on the Water Relations of Salmonella Oranienburg

Christian, J. H. B.

doi:10.1071/bi9550075

Cited by 108 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…1996). Proline is known to be an effective osmoprotectant (Christian 1955), a sink for energy to regulate redox potentials (Saradhi and Saradhi 1991) or a solute that protects macromolecules from denaturation (Rajendrakumar et al. 1994).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elicitation of the Proline-Linked Pentose Phosphate Pathway Metabolites and Antioxidant Enzyme Response by Ascorbic Acid in Dark Germinated Fava Bean Sprouts

Randhir

Shetty²

2007

J Food Biochemistry

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Elicitation by ascorbic acid stimulated higher phenolic content in late stages of germination and higher antioxidant activity during early and late germination in fava bean sprouts. The high free radical scavenging‐linked antioxidant activity on day 1 coincided with high levo‐dihydroxy phenylalanine and total phenolics. A positive correlation between the stimulation of phenolic synthesis and glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) activity was also observed, indicating its likely role in carbohydrate mobilization. Improved guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) activity in response to elicitation indicated the likely polymerization of soluble phenolics. Higher GPX, superoxide dismutase and catalase linked antioxidant enzyme response correlated to increase in proline and phenolics. A proline‐linked stimulation likely provided nicotinamide adenine dinucleotidephosphate from pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) as indicated by an increase in G6PDH, the first committed step of PPP, which then supported phenolic synthesis and antioxidant enzyme response. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS This research indicates that ascorbic acid is an effective elicitor of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) in dark germinated fava bean sprouts. It increases synthesis of health‐relevant phenolics and levo‐dihydroxy phenylalanine relevant to Parkinson's disease management. The stimulation of PPPwas linked to accumulation of free proline thereby supporting the proline‐linked pentose phosphate pathway model. It provides an understanding of the role of phenolic antioxidants on redox modulation in the cell by being effective free radical scavengers and also by inducing the antioxidant enzyme responses through providing the reducing equivalents required for their activity. This knowledge can be used as a biochemical strategy to design seed sprouts for functional food applications.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elicitation of the Proline-Linked Pentose Phosphate Pathway Metabolites and Antioxidant Enzyme Response by Ascorbic Acid in Dark Germinated Fava Bean Sprouts

Randhir

Shetty²

2007

J Food Biochemistry

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“…Early work by Christian in 1955 showed that, in Sahnonella oranienburg, exogenously provided prolinc could function as an osmoprolectant [14,15]. A large increase in the intracellular concentration of proline was demonstrated by Measures [78] in the enteric bacteria E. coli and S. O'l)himurium when these were subjccted to osmotic stress.…”

Section: Prou and Prop: Uptake Systems For Osmoprotectantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptation of Escherichia coli to high osmolarity environments: Osmoregulation of the high-affinity glycine betaine transport system ProU

Lucht

1994

FEMS Microbiology Reviews

123

193

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A sudden increase in the osmolarity of the environment is highly detrimental to the growth and survival of Escherichia coil and Salmonella typhimurium since it triggers a rapid efflux of water from the cell, resulting in a decreased turgor. Changes in the external osmolarity must therefore be sensed by the microorganisms and this information must be converted into an adaptation process that aims at the restoration of turgot. The physiological reaction of the cell to the changing environmental condition is a highly coordinated process. Loss of turgor triggers a rapid influx of K + ions into the cell via specific transporters and the concomitant synthesis of counterions, such as glutamate. The increased intracellular concentration of K+-glutamate allows the adaptation of the cell to environments of moderately high osmolarities. At high osmolarity, K+-glutamate is insufficient to ensure cell growth, and the bacteria therefore replace the accumulated K + ions with compounds that are less deleterious tk)r the cell's physiology. These compatible solutes include polyoles such as trehalose, amino acids such as proline, and methyl-amines such as glycine betaine. One of the most important compatible solutes for bacteria is glycine betaine. This potent osmoprotectant is widespread in nature, and its intracellular accumulation is achieved through uptake from the environment or synthesis from its precursor choline. In this overview, we discuss the properties of the high-affinity glycine betaine transport system ProU and the osmotic regulation of its structural genes.

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“…If, however, 1 mM proline was added to the medium, the free glutamate pool decreased to about two thirds of its value in the absence of proline. Growth stimulation by external proline and partly reversion of salt inhibition under conditions of osmotic stress have been observed in a number of enterobacteria [4,7,63,[65][66][67], and proline is accumulated to high concentrations under these conditions. Growth of Salmonella oranienburg occurred at much higher osmolarities in complex media as compared to simple glucose mineral media, and much of this effect was ascribed to several amino acids in the medium, proline being regarded as the most important one [65].…”

Section: Accumulation Of Amino Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Growth stimulation by external proline and partly reversion of salt inhibition under conditions of osmotic stress have been observed in a number of enterobacteria [4,7,63,[65][66][67], and proline is accumulated to high concentrations under these conditions. Growth of Salmonella oranienburg occurred at much higher osmolarities in complex media as compared to simple glucose mineral media, and much of this effect was ascribed to several amino acids in the medium, proline being regarded as the most important one [65]. The intracellular proline level was elevated in direct proportion to increases of the osmolarity of the medium, when proline was present [5,7,45,63,64,68].…”

Section: Accumulation Of Amino Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Osmoregulation and compatible solutes in eubacteria

Imhoff¹

1986

FEMS Microbiology Letters

153

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Osmotic adaption by halophilic and halotolerant bacteria is generally achieved by the accumulation or synthesis of several organic solutes. Accumulation by uptake from the medium is preferred over biosynthesis. The chemical nature of the major solute is important in determining the degree of osmotolerance of the organism. Glycine betaine accumulation confers a greater degree of osmotolerance than proline, which in turn confers more osmotolerance than glutamate accumulation. The occurrence and uptake of these solutes in a variety of eubacteria is reviewed.

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The Influence of Nutrition on the Water Relations of Salmonella Oranienburg

Cited by 108 publications

References 6 publications

Elicitation of the Proline-Linked Pentose Phosphate Pathway Metabolites and Antioxidant Enzyme Response by Ascorbic Acid in Dark Germinated Fava Bean Sprouts

Elicitation of the Proline-Linked Pentose Phosphate Pathway Metabolites and Antioxidant Enzyme Response by Ascorbic Acid in Dark Germinated Fava Bean Sprouts

Adaptation of Escherichia coli to high osmolarity environments: Osmoregulation of the high-affinity glycine betaine transport system ProU

Osmoregulation and compatible solutes in eubacteria

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