The influence of nutrition on neural and behavioral development. I. Critical review of some data on the growth of the body and the brain following dietary deprivation during gestation and lactation

Altman, Joseph; Das, Gopal D.; Sudarshan, Kiran

doi:10.1002/dev.420030408

Cited by 41 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…This fact correlates well with the late MTB neuronal maturation primarily associated with the air-sound transmission when the auditory channel is opened [31]. Another possibility concerns the reduced neurogenesis due to the prolongation of the cell cycle [4] which, in turn, interferes with the neuronal glial ratio [37], giving additional extracellular space for the growing of LSO neuronal dendritic arbor prolongation [38]. The finding of neuronal MTB and LSO dendritic arbor alterations associated with neonatal undernutrition and ear binaural occlusion provided new information on the plastic cytoarchitectonic reorganization of the first synaptic relays of the auditory system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Effects of Neonatal Undernutrition and Binaural Ear Occlusion on Neuronal Development of the Superior Olivary Complex of Rats

et al. 1999

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Golgi-Cox-impregnated neurons of the superior olivary complex were investigated in control, binaural ear-occluded control, undernourished, and binaural ear-occluded undernourished Wistar rats of 12, 20, and 30 days of age. In neonatally undernourished and binaural ear-occluded animals, a significant reduction in the number of dendrites and dendritic intersections in the medial trapezoid body neurons was observed. Inconsistent effects upon the dendritic arbor lateral superior olivary cells were also detected. Control and undernourished rats with binaural ear occlusion exhibited a significant increase in the dendritic arbor measurements of lateral superior olivary neurons as compared with the cells of the medial trapezoid body. The cytoarchitectonic imbalance between the modulatory efferent control of these systems and the sensory auditory input to the cochlea may be important for the integration of complex auditory physiological phenomena.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Effects of Neonatal Undernutrition and Binaural Ear Occlusion on Neuronal Development of the Superior Olivary Complex of Rats

et al. 1999

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“…Interestingly, the impact that milk composition has on overwinter survival does not appear to be due to effects on juvenile weaning mass or growth in body mass. Substantial tissue and organ development and functional maturation continues throughout postnatal life (Altman et al, 1970;Dobbing and Sands, 1979;Prykhodko et al, 2015) and are sensitive to nutrient intake during that time (Altman et al, 1970;Desai et al, 1996). It is possible that the protein content of milk at key points in development could impact offspring survival by contributing to structural changes in organ microanatomy and hence organ function.…”

Section: Impacts Of Milk Composition On Offspringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Milk matters: offspring survival in Columbian ground squirrels is affected by nutrient composition of mother's milk

Skibiel

Hood

2015

Front. Ecol. Evol.

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Through maternal effects, information about environmental conditions experienced in the maternal generation can be transmitted to subsequent generations. Although maternal effects have been described and quantified in many mammalian species, the underlying causal links are often under-studied. The close association between mother and neonate during the extended period of lactation in mammals provides a unique opportunity for mothers to influence offspring phenotype through nutrient provisioning of milk. The purpose of this study was to examine sources of inter-individual variation in milk composition and impacts on offspring phenotype and survival. Variation in fat content, protein content, and energy density of mother's milk was associated with timing of reproduction. Mothers with intermediate birthdates produced milk that was higher in fat and energy density, but lower in protein than females with early or late birthdates. In turn, the pattern of change in milk composition affected juvenile overwinter survival. The protein content of Columbian ground squirrel milk typically increases to peak lactation and then declines before weaning. Pups consuming milk that was lower in protein in early lactation but then relatively high in protein at peak and late lactation had a higher probability of survival overwinter. Our results indicate that the interplay between the timing of reproduction and lactation performance has consequences for maternal and offspring fitness.

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“…In this regard, a 15-30% decrease in ChAT activity in underfed neonate rats, combined with the slightly reduced (-10% [9]) or unaffected [70] Purkinje cell number, could mainly be the result of a reduction of ChAT per cell. In contrast, the amount of ChAT per Purkinje cell could be unaffected (or slightly increased) in hypothyroid rats at the same time, since the number of these cells was normal [2]. These results concerning ChAT expression correlate with the altered maturation of Purkinje cells in 5-day-old un dernourished rats (18% decrease in cell size), which is unaffected by hypothyroidism [47,49].…”

Section: Early Cerebellar Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Cholinergic System in Developing Cerebellum: Comparative Study of Normal, Hypothyroid and Underfed Rats

et al. 1989

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To overcome the deficiencies of previous findings, the activities of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and acetylcholinesterase (AchE) were studied at very short age intervals to allow a more precise definition of the shape and timing of their developmental curves in normal, hypothyroid and underfed rats. In addition, AchE expression in developing cerebellum was studied histochemically in these three neurological models. When compared with structural findings in the literature, the results provide the following information on the normal and abnormal developing cholinergic system, related or not to cerebellar neurotransmission (1) AchE activity, unlike ChAT, can be considered as a good marker of the developing cholinergic archicerebellum. (2) ChAT and AchE are transiently expressed together in functionally noncholinergic Purkinje cells. In contrast with most regions of the central nervous system, the high ratio of ChAT to AchE activities in the early stage of cerebellar development suggests an enhanced synthesis of acetylcholine (Ach). The level of ChAT activity correlates with Purkinje cell size, supporting the concept of a neurotrophic role of Ach in early maturing macroneurons. (3) The archicerebellar cholinergic network appears to be relatively well preserved from undernutrition and, to an even greater extent, from hypothyroidism, compared to other systems of neurotransmission formed later and more widely distributed throughout the cerebellum. The presynaptic compartment seems to be more affected than the postsynaptic compartment. (4) In disagreement with some data in the literature, the abnormalities induced by both abnormal thyroidal and nutritional states were found to be irreversible.

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The influence of nutrition on neural and behavioral development. I. Critical review of some data on the growth of the body and the brain following dietary deprivation during gestation and lactation

Cited by 41 publications

References 57 publications

Effects of Neonatal Undernutrition and Binaural Ear Occlusion on Neuronal Development of the Superior Olivary Complex of Rats

Effects of Neonatal Undernutrition and Binaural Ear Occlusion on Neuronal Development of the Superior Olivary Complex of Rats

Milk matters: offspring survival in Columbian ground squirrels is affected by nutrient composition of mother's milk

The Cholinergic System in Developing Cerebellum: Comparative Study of Normal, Hypothyroid and Underfed Rats

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