The Influence of Obesity and Metabolic Health on Vascular Health

Rhee, Eun-Jung

doi:10.3803/enm.2022.101

Cited by 39 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Similar findings were observed in a 24-year follow-up cohort, which showed that sarcopenic obesity is clinically useful as a predictor of all-cause mortality [ 33 ]. Sarcopenic obesity is also related to cognitive impairment [ 29 ], low bone mineral density [ 26 ], frailty [ 7 ], and metabolic diseases [ 34 ]. A study found that carbohydrate intake could be the best indicator for determining sarcopenic obesity in older adults [ 35 ], and body composition plays an important role in sarcopenia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictive Roles of Basal Metabolic Rate and Body Water Distribution in Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Obesity: The link to Carbohydrates

Guan

Wang

et al. 2022

Nutrients

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Sarcopenic obesity is a new category of obesity and is a specific condition of sarcopenia. This study aimed to find the relationship of the basal metabolic rate (BMR) and body water distribution with muscle health and their prospective roles in screening for sarcopenic obesity and sarcopenia. The role of nutrients such as carbohydrates in the relationship was further detected. A total of 402 elderly subjects were recruited. Body composition was estimated by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Sarcopenia was defined by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019. The cutoff values were determined by the receiver operating characteristic curve. Mediation analyses were performed using SPSS PROCESS. Higher BMR and BMR/body surface area (BSA) were protective factors against sarcopenic obesity (OR = 0.047, p = 0.004; OR = 0.035, p = 0.002) and sarcopenia (OR = 0.085, p = 0.001; OR = 0.100, p = 0.003) in elderly people. Low extracellular water (ECW)/intracellular water (ICW) and ECW/total body water (TBW) were negatively correlated with the skeletal muscle index (SMI). The intake of dietary carbohydrates in people with sarcopenic obesity was the lowest, but in subjects with obesity, it was the highest (p = 0.023). The results of the moderated mediation model showed that BMR fully mediated the positive relationship between carbohydrates and SMI, which was more obvious in the population with an abnormal body water distribution. BMR or BMR/BSA had the potential role of predicting a higher risk of sarcopenic obesity and sarcopenia. Higher BMR and lower ECW/ICW and ECW/TBW may benefit muscle health. The overconsumption of carbohydrates (especially > AMDR) might be a risk factor for obesity. Moderate dietary carbohydrate intake might promote SMI by regulating BMR and body water distribution in the elderly.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictive Roles of Basal Metabolic Rate and Body Water Distribution in Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Obesity: The link to Carbohydrates

Guan

Wang

et al. 2022

Nutrients

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“…Abdominal obesity is a well-known risk factor for metabolic disease [ 24 ]. Strategies that aid the sustained reduction and maintenance of abdominal obesity assessed by WC can prevent or delay the progression of MetS and associated chronic diseases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of a High Healthy Eating Index Diet with Long-Term Visceral Fat Loss in a Large Longitudinal Study

Park

2024

Nutrients

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We aimed to investigate the association of a sustainable diet with a long-term reduction in waist circumference (WC) while identifying novel biomarkers for WC reduction (WCR). The participants were recruited initially during 2004–2013 in a large hospital-based cohort, and the follow-up measurements were conducted during 2012–2016. The 65,611 adults aged 45–75 were categorized into WC-loss (n = 22,290) and WC-gain (n = 43,321). Each study investigated demographic, anthropometric, biochemical, genetic, and dietary factors. The modified Healthy Eating Index (MHEI), dietary patterns, and glycemic index were calculated from a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Novel biomarkers influencing WC reduction were identified using machine learning approaches. A WCR was inversely associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk and its components. Daily energy intake did not differ between those with and without WCR. However, MHEI, which represents diet quality, demonstrated a positive association with WCR. Among various dietary patterns, the Asian-style balanced diet (ABD), including more fermented soybeans and less restricted salt than the Diet Approach to Stop Hypertension, was positively associated with WCR. However, an inverse association was observed between the diet that was high in noodle and processed meat consumption and that which was high in rice consumption. However, the PRS for abdominal obesity did not significantly interrupt WCR. The receiver operating characteristic curve in the prediction model for WCR was about 0.86. The biomarkers in the models included MetS components, inflammation index, diet components, alcohol consumption, and smoking status, but not genetic factors. In conclusion, adopting a high-quality diet with a high MHEI like ABD leads to WCR, irrespective of genetic influences. These results could be applied to develop effective strategies for preventing and managing abdominal obesity.

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“…It is caused by an accumulation of fat in the liver that is not related to alcohol consumption [ 1 ] but that is related to overweight and obesity [ 2 , 3 ], insulin resistance [ 4 ], states of hyperglycemia [ 3 , 5 ], and high levels of triglycerides in the blood. As such, it is also related to metabolic dysfunction [ 4 , 6 , 7 , 8 ] and increased cardiovascular risk factors [ 9 , 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Insulin Resistance in Adults: A before and after Pandemic Lockdown Longitudinal Study

et al. 2022

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Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is a chronic disease caused by the accumulation of fat in the liver related to overweight and obesity, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and high levels of triglycerides and leads to an increased cardiovascular risk. It is considered a global pandemic, coinciding with the pandemic in 2020 caused by the “coronavirus disease 2019” (COVID-19). Due to COVID-19, the population was placed under lockdown. The aim of our study was to evaluate how these unhealthy lifestyle modifications influenced the appearance of metabolic alterations and the increase in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Methods: A prospective study was carried out on 6236 workers in a Spanish population between March 2019 and March 2021. Results: Differences in the mean values of anthropometric and clinical parameters before and after lockdown were revealed. There was a statistically significant worsening in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and in the insulin resistance scales, with increased body weight, BMI, cholesterol levels with higher LDL levels, and glucose and a reduction in HDL levels. Conclusions: Lockdown caused a worsening of cardiovascular risk factors due to an increase in liver fat estimation scales and an increased risk of presenting with NAFLD and changes in insulin resistance.

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The Influence of Obesity and Metabolic Health on Vascular Health

Cited by 39 publications

References 47 publications

Predictive Roles of Basal Metabolic Rate and Body Water Distribution in Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Obesity: The link to Carbohydrates

Predictive Roles of Basal Metabolic Rate and Body Water Distribution in Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Obesity: The link to Carbohydrates

Association of a High Healthy Eating Index Diet with Long-Term Visceral Fat Loss in a Large Longitudinal Study

Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Insulin Resistance in Adults: A before and after Pandemic Lockdown Longitudinal Study

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