The Influence of Occupational Exposure to Radiation on the Mortality of American Radiologists and Other Medical Specialists1

Seltser, Raymond; Sartwell, Philip E.

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a120493

Cited by 104 publications

(28 citation statements)

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“…Among the many observational studies that have used two control groups are Seltser and Sartwell (1965); Weston and Mansinghka (1971); Roghmann and Sodeur (1972) ;Zabin, Hirsch, and Emerson (1989) ;Chang, Hwang, Wang, and Wang (1997); Wells et al (1997); and Douglas and Carney (1998). It is uncommon for an observational study to have more than two control groups, although this is possible in principle.…”

Section: Review Of the Main Issues: Role Of A Second Control Groupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Pair Matching With Two Control Groups

Lü

Rosenbaum

2004

Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics

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Section: Review Of the Main Issues: Role Of A Second Control Groupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Pair Matching With Two Control Groups

Lü

Rosenbaum

2004

Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics

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“…The average result seems to be about 2 to 3% iife-span reduction per 100-rad dose. A study of American radiologists 13 indicated a value of 4 to 5% per 100 rad, but the dosimetry was uncertain. Studies of British radiologists and the Japanese bomb survivors 14>ls have been inconclusive.…”

Section: Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Risk Analysis of the Omega West Reactor.

Otway¹,

Battat²,

Lohrding³

et al. 1970

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A method for estimating the risk from reactor installations is presented and applied to the Omega West Reactor, an 8-MWth research reactor at Los Alamos, New Mexico.The method, which considers both accident probabilities and various wind and weather conditions, estimates individual risk as a function of direction and distance from the reactor and estimates the total detriment to ttiie community as the consequence of reactor accidents.The somatic risk due to thyroid carcinoma from 131 I uptake, the somatic rinks of leukemia and other neoplasms from whole-body irradiation, the genetic risk, and nonspecific life-shortening were considered. The individual sonnatic risk at the nearest habitation was found to be 5 x 10T lo /yr, and the total detriment to the community was 4.5 x 1CT* deaths per year of reactor opsration.Statistical treatment of reactor operating hiitory and test data to obtain reliability estimates is outlined. The results of this study are compared with those from analysis of a 3200-MWth pressurized water reactor.

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“…A study of about 3 700 male American radiologists from 1935 to 1958 revealed an excess mortality from cardiovascular-renal disease, from leukaemia, from all other cancer and from all other causes of death (Seltser and Sartwell, 1965). The excess mortality from leukaemia was present for the periods 1935-44 and 1945-54 l~ut was absent for the period 1955-58.…”

Section: Occupational Exposure Of Medical Menmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relative sensitivity of different tissues to tumour induction by radiation: The human evidence

1969

Annals of the ICRP/ICRP Publication

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Introduction 83The most straightforward way to assess the 87 relative sensitivity of different tissues to the induction of tumours by radiation would be to 89 compare the induced tumour rates when all the 89 tissues received the same dose at the same time. 94 No assumption need then be made about the form of the close-response relation except that it 94 is the same in all tissues. The only close approach to this ideal situation in man is the exposure of the 95 foetus in antenatal radiography. In all the other 56 RADIOSENSITIVITY AND SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF DOSE 57 Circumstances in which large fractions of the body, and therefore many different organs, have been irradiated, therapeutically, accidentally, occupationally, or in war, the dose received by different organs has varied considerably, even when the organs have been "directly" irradiated. For example, it has been suggested that the dose in the stomach in an ankylosing spondylitic given X-ray therapy was about one-tenth of the dose in the overlying spinal marrow (Dolphin and Eve, 1968). An allowance for the difference in dose has to be made if the observed tumour incidences in the different organs are to provide information about the relative sensitivity of these organs to tumour induction.The ICRP assumes a linear relation between dose and biological effect. This is certainly the simplest function and will be used in what follows. The effect of choosing a different form of dose-response is considered later.A linear relation between radiation dose and tumour induction has implications for the mechanism of carcinogenesis by radiation. It cannot be expected to hold when the dose is high enough to produce gross tissue damage. When a high proportion of tissue cells is killed, tumour yield may well be reduced and when healing is imperfect, or fibrosis is marked, tumour yield may be increased. Extrapolation from such situations is primafacie a highly unreliable guide to what might be expected at dose limit or emergency levels of exposure. Therefore, information about tumour induction following localized therapeutic irradiation for cancer has not been used in formulating our conclusions. Also excluded is all information about tumour induction by radioactive materials that are selectively concentrated in particular organs--such as the bone-seekers and the isotopes of iodine and phosphorus. The problems of estimating the ratio of dose in the concentrating tissue and in the adjacent tissues are formidable (cf. ICRP Publication 11, A Review of the Radiosensitivity of the Tissues in Bone, 1968).Particularly useful information is available from three categories of human subjects--British patients with ankylosing spondylitis irradiated as adults, Americans irradiated in infancy or childhood for a supposedly enlarged thymus or for a variety of childhood complaints, and Japanese of all ages when exposed to an atom bomb explosion. In each category there was a range of exposure levels, and an approximate dose-response can be ascertained for two kinds of malignant diseas...

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The Influence of Occupational Exposure to Radiation on the Mortality of American Radiologists and Other Medical Specialists1

Cited by 104 publications

References 0 publications

Optimal Pair Matching With Two Control Groups

Optimal Pair Matching With Two Control Groups

A Risk Analysis of the Omega West Reactor.

The relative sensitivity of different tissues to tumour induction by radiation: The human evidence

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