The influence of operational variables on mean size and size distribution of spheroids produced by rotary spheronization using teardrop studs

Liew, Celine Valeria; Gu, Li; Heng, Paul Wan Sia

doi:10.1016/s0378-5173(02)00213-2

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The applicability of the Taguchi design (Liew et al, 2002;Hachicha et al, 2006) for optimization of four Chinese herbal extracts on heat-treated spleen lymphocytes has been demonstrated in the current study. Different steps in the Taguchi methodology (experiment planning, analysis, validation) have built a systematic statistical approach to understand the complex effect of four herbal extracts on heat-treated splenic lymphocytes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Taguchi approach for anti-heat stress prescription compatibility in mice spleen lymphocytes In Vitro

Zhu

Cheng

et al. 2011

Arch. Pharm. Res.

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Heat stress (HS) may induce immunosuppression as well as inhibit the proliferation of lymphocytes. This study evaluated the effects on immune function of our prescription on splenic lymphocytes under HS as well as its compatibility. The effects of four herbal extracts from Agastache rugosa, Atractylodes lancea, Cortex Phellodendri, and Gypsum Fibrosum on heat treated splenic lymphocytes were investigated and the compatibility of the prescription was also explored by using the Taguchi method. This study revealed changes in proliferation by traditional Chinese medicines of splenic lymphocytes after HS. Proliferation in the HS group was significantly lower than the control group. Under HS, the effects of higher concentrations of Agastache rugosa (100 and 200 μg/mL), Atractylodes lancea (100 and 200 μg/mL), Cortex Phellodendri (50 and 100 μg/mL) and Gypsum Fibrosum (100 and 200 μg/mL) caused a significant increase on ConA/LPS-induced proliferation of lymphocytes than lower concentrations. We, therefore, conclude that the prescription of traditional Chinese medicines may recover splenic lymphocytes from the immunosuppression induced by HS. The Taguchi design, which allows rapid and high efficiency for the selection of the best conditions for our prescription on HS-treated splenic lymphocytes, demonstrated that Agastache rugosa (200 μg/mL), Atractylodes lancea (200 μg/mL), Cortex Phellodendri (100 μg/mL) and Gypsum Fibrosum (100 μg/mL) were the optimal conditions for the prescription. The validation experiment confirmed that our composition in optimum extraction conditions enhanced effects on ConA or LPS-stimulated lymphocytes under HS. The results showed that the Taguchi optimization approach is a suitable method for optimization of the composition of prescription.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Taguchi approach for anti-heat stress prescription compatibility in mice spleen lymphocytes In Vitro

Zhu

Cheng

et al. 2011

Arch. Pharm. Res.

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“…[3,31] The edges on the grooves facilitate the initial cutting up of extrudates to form shorter and almost uniform length segments. [36,37] Due to their asymmetrical, streamline, and tapering nature, these teardrop shaped studs limit adhesion to the valley area at the stud head where stud height and width are at their largest dimensions. 4a), where grooves vertically intersect each other, is a common plate design.…”

Section: Rotating Plate Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[14,34,38,44,51,52] Some studies showed that spheroid size increased with an increase in rotating speed, [33,36,37] but contrary results were also reported. [14,34,38,44,51,52] Some studies showed that spheroid size increased with an increase in rotating speed, [33,36,37] but contrary results were also reported.…”

Section: Reprintsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[14,34,38,44,51,52] Some studies showed that spheroid size increased with an increase in rotating speed, [33,36,37] but contrary results were also reported. [33,36,37] Higher speeds have been reported to give rise to spheroids of narrower size distribution, [34] slightly wider size distribution, [44] higher sphericities, [52] lower friability, [44] smoother surface, [52] reduced pore volume, [53] higher crushing strength, and greater total spheroid yield (but lower useable yield). For successful spheronization, there has to be a balance between the agglomeration of powder particles and the breakdown of large oversized agglomerates or lumps.…”

Section: Reprintsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regions with excessive amounts of water contributed to the formation of larger agglomerates. [37,55] Increasing the water addition rate decreased the process time, and less water was removed by gap air.…”

Section: Spheronization Timementioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Wet Spheronization by Rotary Processing—A Multistage Single‐Pot Process for Producing Spheroids

Liew

Heng

2004

Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy

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Spheronization is an agglomerative size enlargement process for producing spherical agglomerates that have many technological and therapeutical advantages. Rotary processing is an efficient multistage, single-pot spheroid production method. The rotary processor can be used for spheroid production, drying as well as coating. In the course of spheroid production, centrifugal, fluidizing, and gravitational forces act upon the product from different directions and collectively contribute to the spheroid formation process during rotary processing. The outcome of the process depends on the complex interactions between the equipment, formulation, and process variables.

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Fluidization technologies: Aerodynamic principles and process engineering

Dixit

Puthli

2009

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

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The influence of operational variables on mean size and size distribution of spheroids produced by rotary spheronization using teardrop studs

Cited by 7 publications

References 5 publications

Taguchi approach for anti-heat stress prescription compatibility in mice spleen lymphocytes In Vitro

Taguchi approach for anti-heat stress prescription compatibility in mice spleen lymphocytes In Vitro

Wet Spheronization by Rotary Processing—A Multistage Single‐Pot Process for Producing Spheroids

Fluidization technologies: Aerodynamic principles and process engineering

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