The Influence of Oxidation and Nitrogenation on the Physicochemical Properties and Sorption Capacity of Activated Biocarbons Prepared from the Elderberry Inflorescence

Abstract

The main objective of the study was to prepare a series of new activated biocarbons by means of physical and chemical activation of elderberry inflorescence. The influence of carbon matrix nitrogenation/oxidation on the physicochemical properties and sorption abilities of the carbonaceous materials was investigated. The impact of initial dye concentration, pH and temperature of the system on methylene blue and rhodamine B removal efficiency was checked. It was shown that activation of elderberry inflorescences with CO2 or H3PO4, and their further modification by introducing nitrogen or oxygen functional groups, allowed us obtain a wide range of materials that differ significantly in terms of the chemical nature of the surface, degree of specific surface development and the type of porous structure generated. The samples prepared by chemical activation proved to be very effective in terms of cationic dyes adsorption. The maximum sorption capacity toward methylene blue and rhodamine B reached the level of 277.8 and 98.1 mg/g, respectively. A better fit to the experimental data was achieved with a Langmuir isotherm than a Freundlich one. It was also shown that the efficiency of methylene blue and rhodamine B adsorption from aqueous solutions decreased with increasing temperature of the system.

Effect of the Addition of Elderberry Waste to Sawdust on the Process of Pelletization and the Quality of Fuel Pellets

“…The results of a study performed by Zhang et al [42] showed that the hydrogen content in pine sawdust was 5.2%, while pine needles examined by Font et al [43] contained 6.5% of hydrogen. The hydrogen content in elderberry inflorescences is much higher than in the tested postproduction herbaceous waste from elderberry; in the study conducted by D ąbrowska et al [41], the hydrogen content was 7.2%.…”

“…The analyzed elderberry waste contained slightly more sulfur (0.03%) than sawdust. In studies conducted by D ąbrowska and colleagues, the sulfur content in elderberry inflorescences was 0.6% [41].…”

“…The carbon content in sawdust has been tested numerous times and has been determined as 45-55% [38,39]. In a study conducted by Ward et al [40], the carbon content in pine chips was 69.2%, while according to D ąbrowska et al [41], the carbon content in elderberry inflorescences was 49.1%.…”

Role of oxygen functional groups and pore structure in CO 2 adsorption from oxygen-blowing and nitrogen calcination processes using a precursor of coal-based activated carbon

“…Simultaneously, the chemical structure of the AC surface created a new active site. Calcination under the N 2 atmosphere produced a nitrogen site and decreased oxygen molecules (Dąbrowska et al 2023).…”

Catalysis in Energy and the Environment: Opportunities and Challenges

“…In addition, carbon-based composites are employed for lithium-ion batteries [14][15][16]. This Special Issue also includes investigations related to pollutant removal with sorption capability [17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. The preparation and adsorption performance of activated carbon are emphatically discussed [19,20].…”