The influence of penguin activity on soil diatom assemblages on King George Island, Antarctica with the description of a new Luticola species

Abstract

Background Ice-free areas in the Antarctic region are strongly limited. The presence of marine mammals and birds in those areas influence soil properties and vegetation composition. Studies on the terrestrial diatom flora in soils influenced by sea birds in the Maritime Antarctic region are scarce. Methods Samples were collected from two transects on the western shore of the Admiralty Bay region. Light and scanning electron microscopic observations and statistical analyses were conducted to consider the impact of penguin rookeries on soil diatom assemblages. Results The disturbance associated with the presence of penguin rookeries clearly influences the soil diatom diversity. Assemblages from areas with the highest nutrient input were characterized by a much lower diversity with only few species dominating the flora. One of recorded taxa could not be assigned to any of the known species. Therefore, based on the combination of morphological features analyzed using light and scanning electron microscopes and comparison with similar taxa in the Antarctic region and worldwide, the species is described hereby as new to science–Luticola kaweckae sp.nov. The new species is characteristic for soil habitats with strong penguin influence.

Penguin-Driven Dissemination and High Enrichment of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Lake Sediments across Antarctica

“…Penguins consume marine organisms that might harbor antibiotic-resistant bacteria or genes from the ocean . Upon returning to their colonies, penguins excrete a large amount of guano, potentially containing the resistant genetic material, which is transported into the lakes through ice-snow melting water . Therefore, penguin dissemination significantly increased the abundances of major classes of sediment ARGs via guano deposition.…”