“…Research on PP and PS in mathematics education has highlighted the relationship among mathematical PP, PS, and the advancement of mathematics (Cai et al, 2015;Căprioară, 2015;Hadamard, 1945;Kilpatrick, 1987;Singer et al, 2015). Commonly, PP and PS tasks were administered in mathematics learning to assess student's understanding of mathematics (Cai & Hwang, 2002;Carbonneau et al, 2020;Kotsopoulos & Cordy, 2009) and to improve student's motivation and creativity development (Căprioară, 2015;Christou et al, 2005;Crespo & Sinclair, 2008). There are several definitions of PP stated by researchers (Cai & Jiang, 2017;Cai et al, 2013;Crespo, 2003;Koichu & Kontorovich, 2013).…”