The Influence of Permanganate Enhancement to Graphite on Chemical Structure and Properties of Graphene Oxide Material Generated by Improved Tour Method

Abstract

Synthesis of graphene oxide (GO) material with variations in permanganate/graphite ratio has been carried out. This research purposes to study the impact of increasing oxidizing agents to graphite on the chemical structure and properties of the GO material produced. All GOs were synthesized using the improved Tour method with three variations of permanganate/graphite ratios of 5, 6, and 7. The results obtained include GO-5, GO-6, and GO-7, respectively, having a d spacing value of 0.843; 0.891; 0.894 nm by XRD analysis and 0.768; 0.756; 0.772 nm by SAED analysis. Based on the FTIR data, all GO materials bring up the peaks of oxygen-functionalized carbon absorption such as O–H, C–H sp3, C=O, C–O–C of ether and ester, and C-OH for carboxylic acids and alcohols. The oxidation levels (O/C ratio taken from EDX data) of GO-5, GO-6, and GO-7 are 0.67, 0.88, and 1.50, respectively. SEM images display the appearance of an exfoliated layer with a wrinkled and irregular surface. TEM images show thin and transparent layers. The main peaks with the highest absorbance at the wavelength around 230-240 nm, meanwhile the band gap energy produced was 3.53; 3.71; 3.55 eV for GO-5, GO-6, and GO-7, respectively.

Evaluation and Optimization of Tour Method for Synthesis of Graphite Oxide with High Specific Surface Area

“…In addition, at 55 • C and above, thermal decomposition of the intermediate species Mn 2 O 7 occurs [82], producing O 2 bubbles, which contributes to the exfoliation process. Residual KMnO 4 causes the same effect by introducing oxygenated groups in the basal planes that separate the graphite sheets from each other [83,84]. H 2 O 2 contributes to increasing the degree of exfoliation generating O 2 2− that intercalates between the graphite sheets [80,85].…”

Microwave-Assisted Chemical Co-reduction of Pd Nanoparticles Anchored on Reduced Graphene Oxide with Different Loading Amounts

“…2. GO material is made from graphite, which has a typical peak at about 26° and a characteristic spacing between graphene layers of 0.34 nm, according to Fatmawati et al [24]. The expanded layer spacing after the graphite oxidation process was caused by the oxygen functional groups from oxidants attached on both sides of the graphene sheets, as well as the resulting atomic-scale roughness to the originally atomically flat graphene sheets [25].…”