The Influence of Physical Activity, Socioeconomic Status, and Ethnicity on the Weight Status of Adolescents

McMurray, Robert G.; Harrell, Joanne S.; Deng, Shaoqiang; Bradley, Chyrise B.; Cox, Lori M.; Bangdiwala, Shrikant I.

doi:10.1038/oby.2000.14

Cited by 210 publications

(177 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Larger samples could have shown statistically significant sex differences. These differences have been observed in other studies (Guillaume et al, 1997;McMurray et al, 2000;Wagner et al, 2004;Kettaneh et al, 2005), which suggest that contributory factors leading to obesity may be different in girls and boys.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 47%

Child overweight in France and its relationship with physical activity, sedentary behaviour and socioeconomic status

et al. 2006

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Objective: (1) To assess the prevalence of childhood overweight (OW) and obesity in France; (2) to examine how physical activity and sedentary behaviour are involved in the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and OW, while taking into account total energy intake. Design and subjects: Representative sample of French children aged 3-14 years (n ¼ 1016) taken from the 1998-1999 crosssectional French INCA (Enquête Individuelle et Nationale sur les Consommations Alimentaires) food consumption survey. Measurements: Weight and height, leisure-time physical activity (LTPA), sedentary behaviour (TV viewing and video-game use), and SES were reported by parents or children by answering questionnaires; total energy intake was assessed using a 7-day food record. Results: In total, 15.2% (95% CI: 13.0-17.6) of the children are OW (including obese), according to the IOTF (International Obesity Task Force) definition. OW is inversely associated with SES in children over 6 years of age. LTPA is negatively correlated to OW among the 3 to 5-year-old children only, whereas sedentary behaviour is positively related to OW in childhood and adolescence. From 6 years old on, SES is inversely associated with sedentary behaviour, which consequently may partly mediate the relationship between SES and OW. Conclusion: This study confirms the association between SES, sedentary behaviour and childhood OW in France. It was performed before the launching of the French Program of Nutrition and Health (PNNS) in 2001 and will be repeated in 2006. This will contribute to monitoring both childhood OW and its main determinants at the population scale.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 47%

Child overweight in France and its relationship with physical activity, sedentary behaviour and socioeconomic status

et al. 2006

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“…[53][54][55] Null findings are not uncommon. 56,57 One study found that obese youth are more active than nonobese youth. 58 Two recent cross-sectional studies, however, illustrate the variety of findings: BMI was negatively associated with physical activity in females, but not males, 59 whereas fat mass was negatively associated with physical activity in males, but not females.…”

Section: Physical Activity and The Development Of Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…89 Such null findings are also common. 40,57,90,91 We found two case-control studies in our review of the literature, which were essentially crosssectional in design. Television was significantly related to obesity in a case-control study of 223 obese 7-10-y-old children and controls in Sao Paulo.…”

Section: Physical Inactivity and The Development Of Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such results are often found in cross-sectional studies as well; television viewing was related to overweight in 10-16-y olds, but was not significant after adjusting for ethnicity and socioeconomic status. 57 Some models may be overadjusted. For example, parental obesity may influence opportunities for physical activity if overweight parents make extra efforts to counterbalance genetic inheritance.…”

Section: S90mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physical activity and sedentary behavior: a review of longitudinal studies of weight and adiposity in youth

2005

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AIM:To review the published prospective observational studies of the relationship of physical activity and sedentary behavior with the development of overweight and adiposity, with an emphasis on methodologic issues. METHODS: Sample size, population studied, length of follow-up, assessment of exposure (physical activity, inactivity, or sedentary behavior), assessment of outcome (relative weight, overweight, % body fatness, adiposity), statistical approach, and main findings were extracted, summarized, and key methodological issues highlighted. RESULTS: In total, 17 studies of physical activity and 15 studies of inactivity/sedentary behavior were identified; as these were not mutually exclusive, 20 unique studies were reviewed. Results were mixed, with most studies showing an inverse association of physical activity with weight or fatness outcomes and/or a direct association of inactivity/sedentary behavior with weight or fatness outcomes. The effects identified were generally of small magnitude. Imprecise measurement of activity exposures likely weakens the observed relationships. Most studies used a pre-post design and had limited duration of follow-up (r2 y). Studies with longer and more frequent follow-up did not always use the most advantageous statistical approach. CONCLUSIONS: On balance, the available evidence from prospective observational studies suggests that increased physical activity and decreased sedentary behavior are protective against relative weight and fatness gains over childhood and adolescence. In addition to improved measurement methods, longer and more frequent follow-up as well as truly longitudinal analysis methods would help establish these important prevention and intervention targets, and identify subgroups or development periods where interventions would likely be effective.

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“…This gradient has been observed in both men and women, although the association has been weaker and less consistent in men (Sobal & Stunkard, 1989). These results have been observed with both educational level and occupation as the basis for social class, and in different age groups (Wamala et al, 1997;Ball et al, 2000;Lahmann et al, 2000;McMurray et al, 2000;Rosmond & Björntorp, 2000;Van Lenthe et al, 2000;Wardle et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Obesity and socioeconomic position measured at three stages of the life course in the elderly

et al. 2004

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Objective: To investigate the association between socioeconomic position, measured at three stages of the life course, and obesity in the elderly. Design: Cross-sectional study carried out in [2000][2001]. Subjects: In total, 4009 subjects aged 60 y and older, representative of the Spanish noninstitutionalised population. Research Methods and Procedures: We estimated body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) by social class in childhood, by educational level and by adult social class, as well as the association between these two obesity measures and each socioeconomic characteristic after adjusting for the other two. Results: In men, no relation was found between the two measures of obesity studied and socioeconomic circumstances throughout the life course. Nor was any relation found in women between social class in childhood and the two measures of obesity after adjusting for the other two socioeconomic variables. In contrast, BMI and WC in women showed a statistically significant inverse gradient with educational level and with adult social class after adjusting for age and the rest of the socioeconomic variables. Conclusions: In general, these results support the small amount of existing evidence on the association between obesity and abdominal obesity and socioeconomic position by educational level and adult social class. The results for social class in childhood do not support the existing evidence, and suggest that this association may depend on specific historic and cultural circumstances.

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The Influence of Physical Activity, Socioeconomic Status, and Ethnicity on the Weight Status of Adolescents

Cited by 210 publications

References 30 publications

Child overweight in France and its relationship with physical activity, sedentary behaviour and socioeconomic status

Child overweight in France and its relationship with physical activity, sedentary behaviour and socioeconomic status

Physical activity and sedentary behavior: a review of longitudinal studies of weight and adiposity in youth

Obesity and socioeconomic position measured at three stages of the life course in the elderly

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