The Influence of Picture Size on Recognition and Exploratory Behaviour in Raised-Line Drawings

Abstract

Abstract. We demonstrate the influence of picture size on haptic recognition and exploratory behaviour. The stimuli were raised-line drawings of everyday objects. Participants were instructed to think aloud during haptic exploration of the pictures. We measured the delay between initial correct speculation and final correct response. The results indicate that picture size influences accuracy but not response latency: large drawings are recognised more often but not faster. By analysing video recordings of the experiment we found that two-handed exploration increases when picture size increases and that, on average, 83% of the exploration time involves the use of two hands. The thinking-aloud data showed that the average time difference between the initial correct speculation and final correct response amounted to 23% of the total reaction time. We discuss our results with respect to the design of tactile aids and the ecological validity of single-finger exploration.

Interactivity Improves Usability of Geographic Maps for Visually Impaired People

“…The second criterion was the number of touch inputs. As visually impaired people usually explore tactile maps with both hands and multiple fingers (Wijntjes, van Lienen, Verstijnen, & Kappers, 2008), a multi-touch surface with at least 10 touch inputs permits to track and register finger movements during map exploration. Concerning the size, Tatham (1991) proposed that maps for visually impaired people should not exceed two hand spans (450 mm).…”

Rozpoznawanie stanów emocjonalnych na rysunkach dotykowych twarzy przez kobiety i mężczyzn

“…Częściej trafnie identyfi kowano rysunki, których powierzchnie posiadały fakturę, niż rysunki, których części składowe przedstawiono za pomocą szkicu w postaci wypukłych linii (Thompson i in., 2003). Stwierdzono też, że rysunki wypukłe obiektów przedstawionych w większej skali rozpoznawano lepiej niż mniejsze grafi ki dotykowe (Wijntjes i in., 2008). W badaniu rozpoznawania wyrazów emocjonalnych twarzy (Lederman i in., 2008;Picard i in., 2011) pokazano natomiast, że łatwość rozpoznawania rysunku wypukłego zależy od jego treści.…”

Kin'touch

“…Several studies in experimental psychology have investigated haptic exploration strategies of tactile pictures in visually impaired and sighted subjects [6,12]. The observed exploration strategies included the use of only one finger (index), or that of multiple fingers.…”