The influence of polyethylene glycol inclusion in &lt;i&gt;Vachellia tortilis&lt;/i&gt; leaf meal on nitrogen balance in growing pigs

Hlatini, V.A.; Zindove, Titus Jairus; Chimonyo, M.

doi:10.4314/sajas.v47i3.6

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Indeed, Besharati and Taghizadeh [13] reported that PEG breaks already formed tannin–protein complexes, due to its high tannin affinity. This was also confirmed by Hlatini et al [14] when PEG was included in Acacia tortilis leaf meal diets for pigs. While the use of PEG to inactivate condensed tannins in ruminant diets has been widely investigated, there are no documented studies on its application to improve GP utilization in broiler chickens.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Valorization of Red Grape Pomace Waste Using Polyethylene Glycol and Fibrolytic Enzymes: Physiological and Meat Quality Responses in Broilers

Kumanda

Mlambo

Mnisi

2019

Animals

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Simple SummaryRed grape pomace (GP) waste, although rich in beneficial phenolic compounds, is traditionally disposed in landfills and through incineration, resulting in environmental pollution. The revalorization of GP as a source of nutrients and bioactive compounds in chicken diets is an environmentally sustainable and lower-cost alternative to current disposal methods. This approach has the potential to improve food and nutrition security while providing health benefits to consumers of poultry products. Unfortunately, the amount of GP that can be included in broiler diets is limited by fiber and condensed tannins found in this agro-waste. These compounds reduce the digestibility of GP in chickens, resulting in poor bioavailability of the beneficial bioactive compounds. Strategies are, therefore, required to ameliorate the effects of fiber and condensed tannins. This study investigated whether pre-treating GP with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and a cellulolytic enzyme mixture (Viscozyme®) would improve feed intake, physiological parameters, carcass characteristics and meat quality parameters of broilers. It was concluded that PEG treatment successfully ameliorated the anti-nutritional effects of condensed tannins. However, the cellulolytic enzyme treatment was ineffective against GP fiber. AbstractThe amount of grape pomace (GP) waste that can be included as a functional feed in broiler diets is limited by anti-nutritional compounds such as fiber and condensed tannins. This study evaluated the effect of pre-treating GP with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and a cellulolytic enzyme mixture on physiological and meat quality parameters of broilers. Cobb 500 broilers (249.2 ± 20.31 g live-weight) were reared on five isoenergetic and isonitrogenous diets: 1. Commercial chicken diet (CON); 2. CON containing untreated GP at 100 g/kg (dGP); 3. CON containing 100 g/kg GP pre-treated with PEG (50 g/kg) (dPEG); 4. CON containing 100 g/kg GP pre-treated with enzyme (1 g/kg) (ENZ); and 5. CON containing 100 g/kg GP pre-treated with PEG (50 g/kg) and enzyme (1 g/kg) (PENZ). Overall body weight gains were similar in broilers reared on the CON, dPEG, ENZ and PENZ diets but lower in dGP chickens. The meat of birds reared on dPEG, ENZ, dGP and CON had a similar water-holding capacity, which was lower than in PENZ chickens. Diets influenced the size of duodenum, ileum, jejunum and caeca. Polyethylene glycol treatment promoted similar body weight gains and hot carcass weights as the commercial control diet, suggesting that the anti-nutritional effects of condensed tannins were successfully ameliorated.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Valorization of Red Grape Pomace Waste Using Polyethylene Glycol and Fibrolytic Enzymes: Physiological and Meat Quality Responses in Broilers

Kumanda

Mlambo

Mnisi

2019

Animals

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“…The NR value was slightly higher in the LEW group, and was positively correlated with BVFT and NPU. The current results are close to those obtained in [21] using Vachellia tortilis leaf meal, although the percent of nitrogen retained was higher in our research (>46% compared to 42%), probably due to the lower fecal nitrogen output in our case. In a previous study [22], two levels of protein and inulin in the diet were used, and a similar fecal nitrogen level was found, while the urinary nitrogen resulted as higher than the level obtained in our study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Evaluation of Performance, Nitrogen Metabolism and Tissue Composition in Barrows Fed an n-3 PUFA-Rich Diet

Hăbeanu

Lefter

Gheorghe

et al. 2019

Animals

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We investigated changes in nitrogen metabolism and chemical, fatty acid (FA) and amino acid (AA) composition in tissues (longissimus dorsi (LD) and semitendinosus (ST) muscles, heart, spleen, liver and cecum) following the dietary addition of extruded linseed and walnut meal (50:50 mix). Plasma creatinine and urea nitrogen were determined as well. Two trials were designed using barrows (five replicates) allotted in two groups [(control, (SM) and experimental, (LEW))] in metabolic cages. The experimental diet rich in n-3 FA led to a significant increase of retained nitrogen (>8.09% in the LEW group). The biological value of feed protein was 14.8% higher in the LEW group than in the SM group. LD muscles from the SM group and liver from the LEW group had greater nitrogen contents, whereas the heart and spleen had lower concentrations of nitrogen in the LEW group. Diet had a pronounced effect on n-3 FA, particularly on α-linolenic fatty acid (ALA) (p < 0.0001). The highest levels of ALA were recorded in the cecum (>6.06 times in LEW) and heart (>5.44 times in LEW). The highest level of lysine was noticed in the LD muscle (>2.1% in SM). An n-3-rich diet significantly reduced the amount of nitrogen excreted; greater than 40% nitrogen was retained, thus improving the meat composition.

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“…Environmental contamination with nitrogen-containing products in manure is a topical issue in the tropics. Hlatini et al (2017) reported that increasing levels of PEG resulted to an increase in serum iron concentration until it reached a plateau then it started to decrease. The Authors also observed a linear increase in nitrogen utilisation and retention with PEG inclusion.…”

Section: Performance Of Pigs Fed Leguminous Leaf Meal Treated With Polyethylene Glycolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of polyethylene glycol to improve the utilisation of leguminous leaf meals in pigs: A review

Hlatini¹,

Ncobela²,

Zindove³

et al. 2018

SA J. An. Sci.

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The use of leguminous leaf meal as feed ingredients for pigs needs to be intensified and improved. Leguminous trees and shrubs are valuable sources of protein, amino acids, and dietary fibre for pigs. Leguminous leaf meals are abundant in the tropical regions and their use as alternate protein-rich feed ingredients for pigs is promising. In tropics, climate change and vegetation management practices have certainly increased the availability of shrub legumes compared to grasses. There is, therefore, a need to resort on harnessing abundant and cheap feed resources to cope with environmental changes and rise of feed prices. Leguminous leaf meals are invaluable feed ingredients for pigs because of their relatively high crude protein and they are highly available. The leguminous leaves also thrive in, and tolerate, adverse climatic and soil conditions. However, their utilisation is limited by presence of polyphenolic compounds, particularly condensed tannins that inhibit their efficient use by pigs. Other challenges for the utilisation of legume-based leaf meal diets are the presence of thorns and high fibre content. If leguminous leaf meals are included in the diet beyond optimum levels, polyphenolic compounds can suppress appetite, promote feed refusal, reduce digestibility, and can induce toxicity in pigs. This warrants investigation on the use of tannin-binding agents (TBA) to improve nutrient utilisation of leguminous leaf meal-containing diets fed to pigs. The inclusion level of polyethylene glycol (PEG) in livestock diets has a huge potential to neutralise negative effects of undesirable polyphenolic compounds. Therefore, the current review aimed to assess the potential of PEG to inactivate tannin and amount of PEG to include for optimum pig performance.Keywords: Leguminous leaf meals, performance, pigs, polyethylene glycol, polyphenolic compounds

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The influence of polyethylene glycol inclusion in <i>Vachellia tortilis</i> leaf meal on nitrogen balance in growing pigs

Cited by 5 publications

References 17 publications

Valorization of Red Grape Pomace Waste Using Polyethylene Glycol and Fibrolytic Enzymes: Physiological and Meat Quality Responses in Broilers

Valorization of Red Grape Pomace Waste Using Polyethylene Glycol and Fibrolytic Enzymes: Physiological and Meat Quality Responses in Broilers

Evaluation of Performance, Nitrogen Metabolism and Tissue Composition in Barrows Fed an n-3 PUFA-Rich Diet

Use of polyethylene glycol to improve the utilisation of leguminous leaf meals in pigs: A review

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