The influence of pressure and temperature on soot formation in premixed flames

Böhm, Heidi; Hesse, D.; Jander, H.; Lüers, Bernhard; Pietscher, J.; Wagner, H. Gg.; Weiss, Martin H.

doi:10.1016/s0082-0784(89)80047-5

Cited by 112 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The effect of the local air/fuel ratio λ and the temperature on the amount of emitted soot is shown in Figure 3 [10,11]. These results were obtained in premixed flame experiments but under pressure and temperature condition representative for diesel engines.…”

Section: Fundamentalsmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Only a small increase in the local air/fuel ratio λ results in a significant decrease of the soot emission. Accordingly, Hansen [12] and Böhm et al [11] also showed in extensive investigations that the soot formation could be suppressed completely when local air/fuel ratio can be kept always above λ = 0.6 to 0.7 during the combustion. Hopp [9] demonstrated in both calculations and engine experiments that the locally available oxygen content is a key parameter especially for the soot oxidation process during the combustion and hence for the engine out soot emissions.…”

Section: Fundamentalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Possibilities of Simultaneous In‐Cylinder Reduction of Soot and NO_x Emissions for Diesel Engines with Direct Injection

Wagner

Eckert

Spicher

2008

International Journal of Rotating Machinery

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Recommended by Toshinori WatanabeUp to now, diesel engines with direct fuel injection are the propulsion systems with the highest efficiency for mobile applications. Future targets in reducing CO 2 -emissions with regard to global warming effects can be met with the help of these engines. A major disadvantage of diesel engines is the high soot and nitrogen oxide emissions which cannot be reduced completely with only engine measures today. The present paper describes two different possibilities for the simultaneous in-cylinder reduction of soot and nitrogen oxide emissions. One possibility is the optimization of the injection process with a new injection strategy the other one is the use of water diesel emulsions with the conventional injection system. The new injection strategy for this experimental part of the study overcomes the problem of increased soot emissions with pilot injection by separating the injections spatially and therefore on the one hand reduces the soot formation during the early stages of the combustion and on the other hand increases the soot oxidation later during the combustion. Another method to reduce the emissions is the introduction of water into the combustion chamber. Emulsions of water and fuel offer the potential to simultaneously reduce NO x and soot emissions while maintaining a high-thermal efficiency. This article presents a theoretical investigation of the use of fuel-water emulsions in DI-Diesel engines. The numerical simulations are carried out with the 3D-CFD code KIVA3V. The use of different water diesel emulsions is investigated and assessed with the numerical model.

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Section: Fundamentalsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Fundamentalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Possibilities of Simultaneous In‐Cylinder Reduction of Soot and NO_x Emissions for Diesel Engines with Direct Injection

Wagner

Eckert

Spicher

2008

International Journal of Rotating Machinery

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“…The effect of pressure on soot formation in laminar premixed flames has been studied by Mätzing and Wagner [10], Böhm et al [11,12] and Heidermann et al [13]. It was observed that an increase in pressure caused not only an increase in soot formation rate but also a change in the mechanism of soot formation in premixed flames.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soot formation in a laminar ethylene/air diffusion flame at pressures from 1 to 8 atm

Guo

Thomson

et al. 2013

Proceedings of the Combustion Institute

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/npsi/ctrl?lang=en http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/npsi/ctrl?lang=fr Access and use of this website and the material on it are subject to the Terms and Conditions set forth at http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/npsi/jsp/nparc_cp.jsp?lang=en NRC Publications Archive Archives des publications du CNRCFor the publisher's version, please access the DOI link below./ Pour consulter la version de l'éditeur, utilisez le lien DOI ci-dessous.http://dx.doi.org/10. 1016/j.proci.2012.07.006 Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 34, 1, pp. 1795Institute, 34, 1, pp. -1802Institute, 34, 1, pp. , 2012 Soot formation in a laminar ethylene/air diffusion flame at pressures from 1 to 8atm Guo, Hongsheng; Gu, Zhongzhu; Thomson, Kevin A.; Smallwood, Gregory J.; Baksh, Fazil F. We affirm that we shall pay the color reproduction charges if applicable.2 AbstractThe effect of pressure on soot formation in a laminar ethylene/air coflow diffusion flame was investigated by experiments and numerical simulation at pressures from 1 to 8 atm. Soot volume fraction was measured by the diffuse-light two-dimensional line-of-sight attenuation optical diagnostic method and calculated by moments model and a relatively detailed gas phase chemistry. The numerical model successfully captured the variation of soot volume fraction with increasing pressure. The detailed analysis of numerical simulation results suggests that although the rates of all soot formation sub-processes increase with increasing pressure, the rates of increase of these sub-processes differ, with that of PAH condensation being the fastest, followed by those of inception and acetylene addition, respectively. At atmosphere pressure, acetylene addition contributes most to soot formation in terms of the overall formed soot mass, while the contribution of PAH condensation significantly increases at high pressures. The variation in the soot formation mechanism is due to the different increase rates of the mole concentrations and formation of several key species that significantly affect soot inception, acetylene addition and PAH condensation.

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“…Particu larly, the growth of soot particles in laminar premixed flames has been extensively studied, e.g. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[11,14], The final soot vol ume fraction depends on pressure, temperature, com position of the feed and fuel structure. The tempera ture dependence is given by a bell shaped curve with a maximum final soot volume fraction at about 1700 K [14], Up to a pressure of about 1 MPa the final soot volume fraction increases with the second power of pressure [11,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Growth and Oxidation of Soot Particles under Flame Conditions

Schäfer

Mauß

Bockhorn

et al. 1995

Zeitschrift Für Naturforschung A

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Dedicated to Prof. Dr. Ewald Wicke on the occasion of his 80th birthday Surface growth and oxidation of soot particles is investigated in premixed counter flow flames. Surface growth rates and soot oxidation rates can be evaluated from the measured appearance rates of soot and the calculated surface growth rates derived from the HACA-mechanism. The depen dence of surface growth rates and soot oxidation rates on composition of the gas phase, temperature and "surface concentration" is discussed. A mechanism of soot oxidation accounting for the experi mental findings is suggested.

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The influence of pressure and temperature on soot formation in premixed flames

Cited by 112 publications

References 25 publications

Possibilities of Simultaneous In‐Cylinder Reduction of Soot and NO_x Emissions for Diesel Engines with Direct Injection

Possibilities of Simultaneous In‐Cylinder Reduction of Soot and NO_x Emissions for Diesel Engines with Direct Injection

Soot formation in a laminar ethylene/air diffusion flame at pressures from 1 to 8 atm

Surface Growth and Oxidation of Soot Particles under Flame Conditions

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The influence of pressure and temperature on soot formation in premixed flames

Cited by 112 publications

References 25 publications

Possibilities of Simultaneous In‐Cylinder Reduction of Soot and NOx Emissions for Diesel Engines with Direct Injection

Possibilities of Simultaneous In‐Cylinder Reduction of Soot and NOx Emissions for Diesel Engines with Direct Injection

Soot formation in a laminar ethylene/air diffusion flame at pressures from 1 to 8 atm

Surface Growth and Oxidation of Soot Particles under Flame Conditions

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Possibilities of Simultaneous In‐Cylinder Reduction of Soot and NO_x Emissions for Diesel Engines with Direct Injection

Possibilities of Simultaneous In‐Cylinder Reduction of Soot and NO_x Emissions for Diesel Engines with Direct Injection