The influence of previous stimulation and the day of the week on the concentrations of protein and the main electrolytes in human parotid saliva

Dawes, C.; Chebib, F. S.

doi:10.1016/0003-9969(72)90162-8

Cited by 43 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…All of those methods were used in cited studies, and different stimuli may affect salivary protein composition (Dawes, 1984;Rudney, 1989). It is important that saliva be collected from subjects at least an hour after they have eaten, to avoid carry-over effects from previous stimulation (Dawes and Chebib, 1972;Mandel and Wotman, 1976). This was specified in many cases, but not all.…”

Section: (B) Stimulation Of Salivamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Circadian variation also occurs for concentrations of salivary electrolytes and proteins (Dawes and Chebib, 1972). Saliva samples collected at different times of day thus might be expected to be more variable than samples collected at the same time of day.…”

Section: (V) Variation Within Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The choice of when to collect combines theoretical and practical concerns. Protein concentrations appear to be highest in late afternoon (Dawes and Chebib, 1972), but subject availability often dictates the time that is used. This may be particularly important for populations that follow a defined schedule, such as dental students or schoolchildren.…”

Section: (V) Variation Within Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Does Variability in Salivary Protein Concentrations Influence Oral Microbial Ecology and Oral Health?

Rudney

1995

Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine

114

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Salivary protein interactions with oral microbes in vitro include aggregation, adherence, cell-killing, inhibition of metabolism, and nutrition. Such interactions might be expected to influence oral ecology. However, inconsistent results have been obtained from in vivo tests of the hypothesis that quantitative variation in salivary protein concentrations will affect oral disease prevalence. Results may have been influenced by choices made during study design, including saliva source, stimulation status, control for flow rate, and assay methods. Salivary protein concentrations also may be subject to circadian variation. Values for saliva collected at the same time of day tend to remain consistent within subjects, but events such as stress, inflammation, infection, menstruation, or pregnancy may induce short-term changes. Long-term factors such as aging, systemic disease, or medication likewise may influence salivary protein concentrations. Such sources of variation may increase the sample size needed to find statistically significant differences. Clinical studies also must consider factors such as human population variation, strain and species differences in protein-microbe interactions, protein polymorphism, and synergistic or antagonistic interaction between proteins. Salivary proteins may form heterotypic complexes with unique effects, and different proteins may exert redundant effects. Patterns of protein-microbe interaction also may differ between oral sites. Future clinical studies must take those factors into account. Promising approaches might involve meta-analysis or multi-center studies, retrospective and prospective longitudinal designs, short-term measurement of salivary protein effects, and consideration of individual variation in multiple protein effects such as aggregation, adherence, and cell-killing.

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Section: (B) Stimulation Of Salivamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: (V) Variation Within Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: (V) Variation Within Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Does Variability in Salivary Protein Concentrations Influence Oral Microbial Ecology and Oral Health?

Rudney

1995

Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine

114

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“…Recording of the salivary flow All recordings of salivary flow were taken at the same time of day for each subject to minimize the effects of circadian variation in flow rate (see Dawes, 1974, for an extensive review) and at least one hour after the last meal (Dawes & Chebib, 1972). During the recordings, the subjects sat quietly with the head tilted slightly downwards (see Kerr, 1961), so that any saliva in the mouth would drain forwards into a beaker.…”

Section: Lashley Cupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Possible Role of Periodontal Mechanoreceptors in the Control of Parotid Secretion in Man

Hector

1987

Exp Physiol

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SUMMARYIn man, parotid flow has been recorded bilaterally using modified Lashley cups in response to mechanical stimulation of the teeth. The stimulus was defined and controlled by monitoring the rectified and integrated masseter electromyographic activity (e.m.g.) during repeated clenching on closely fitting bite-blocks placed between the molar teeth. Unilateral clenching on a bite-block resulted in a greater flow from the ipsilateral than the contralateral gland, and both exceeded the control values. There was also a positive correlation between the masseter e.m.g. activity and ipsilateral parotid flow. Parotid flow was also recorded before and during local anaesthesia of various intra-oral branches of the trigeminal nerve. Anaesthesia of two to three inputs always produced significant reductions in ipsilateral flow, but anaesthesia of a single input was not always effective. These results provide evidence in support of the hypothesis that intra-oral mechanoreceptors, particularly periodontal mechanoreceptors, are involved in the masticatory-salivary reflex.

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“…Saliva was collected five times daily from nine young adults (two female) at arbitrary but convenient times of about 07.00, 11.00, 14.00, 17.00 and 22.00 h. Most of the collections at about 07.00, 17.00 and 22.00 h were done in the subjects' homes. Meals were consumed immediately after the collections at 07.00, 11.00 and 17.00 h to reduce any possible serial dependency of sampling (Dawes & Chebib, 1972). Sleeping hours were from about 23.00 to 06.30 h. Oral temperature was recorded with a clinical thermometer immediately before the saliva collections and this time was also recorded as the sampling time for both the unstimulated and stimulated submandibular saliva.…”

Section: Collection Of 8ubmandibular 8alivamentioning

confidence: 99%

Circadian rhythms in the flow rate and composition of unstimulated and stimulated human submandibular saliva.

Dawes¹

1975

The Journal of Physiology

118

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SUMMARY1. Nine subjects recorded oral temperature and collected unstimulated submandibular saliva and submandibular saliva stimulated by sour lemon drops at a constant flow rate of 1 ml./min, at about 07.00, 11.00, 14.00, 17.00 and 22.00 h daily for time spans of about 11 days.2. Least-squares cosine waves were fitted to the data to test for the presence and characteristics of circadian rhythms and the results were subjected to cosinor analysis and the Rayleigh test to assess the statistical significance of any rhythms for the group of subjects as a whole (i.e. whether or not the computed acrophases were randomly distributed throughout the 24 h of the day).3. Unstimulated submandibular saliva showed circadian rhythms, significant for the group as a whole, in flow rate and in the concentrations of sodium, potassium, magnesium, chloride and inorganic phosphate but not in protein or calcium.4. Stimulated submandibular saliva showed circadian rhythms, significant for the group as a whole, in sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride and inorganic phosphate but not in protein. Oral temperature also showed a significant circadian rhythm.5. Because of the high amplitude of many of these rhythms, they must be taken into account when establishing the normal range of salivary values, or when salivary composition is to be used as an indicator of systemic disease or to be implicated in the aetiology of oral disease.

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The influence of previous stimulation and the day of the week on the concentrations of protein and the main electrolytes in human parotid saliva

Cited by 43 publications

References 11 publications

Does Variability in Salivary Protein Concentrations Influence Oral Microbial Ecology and Oral Health?

Does Variability in Salivary Protein Concentrations Influence Oral Microbial Ecology and Oral Health?

The Possible Role of Periodontal Mechanoreceptors in the Control of Parotid Secretion in Man

Circadian rhythms in the flow rate and composition of unstimulated and stimulated human submandibular saliva.

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