The influence of rigid matrix minerals on organic porosity and pore size in shale reservoirs: Upper Devonian Duvernay Formation, Alberta, Canada

Knapp, Levi J.; Ardakani, Omid H.; Uchida, Shinnosuke; Nanjo, Takashi; Otomo, Chiaki; Hattori, Tatsuya

doi:10.1016/j.coal.2020.103525

Cited by 45 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…Brittle minerals are generally stable and difficult to be dissolved, and their rigid frameworks can enhance the compaction resistance of shale. Thus, the pores (especially organic pores) could be effectively preserved under deep burial conditions [123,127,180]. The content of brittle minerals in the Lower Cambrian shales in southern China is high, and the quartz is the most common brittle mineral accounting for about 40%-60% of total minerals [56,86,120,123].…”

Section: Tectonic Deformationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lower Cambrian Organic-Rich Shales in Southern China: A Review of Gas-Bearing Property, Pore Structure, and Their Controlling Factors

Gao

Xiao

et al. 2022

Geofluids

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The Lower Cambrian shales are widely developed in southern China, with greater thicknesses and higher TOC contents. Although the shale gas resource potential has been suggested to be huge, the shale gas exploration and development is not satisfactory. At present, the gas-bearing property evaluation of the Lower Cambrian shale is still a hot spot of concern. According to previous works, this paper systematically summarizes the gas-bearing characteristics and controlling factors of the Lower Cambrian shales in southern China. The buried depth of Lower Cambrian shales mainly ranges from 3000 m to 6000 m, and the thickness of organic-rich shale intervals ( TOC > 2 % ) varies from 20 m to 300 m. The TOC content and EqVRo value are generally up to 2%-10% and 2.5%-6.0%, respectively. The gas content of the Lower Cambrian shales in the Weiyuan-Qianwei block of the Sichuan Basin and the western Hubei area generally exceeds 2 m3/t, and gas composition is dominated by CH4. In southeastern Chongqing, northwestern Hunan, and northern Guizhou areas, the gas content of the Lower Cambrian shales is generally <2 m3/t, and the N2 content is generally >60%. In the Lower Yangtze region, the Lower Cambrian shale reservoirs basically contain no gas. Higher maturity, lower porosity, and less-no organic pores are suggested to be responsible for low gas contents and/or the predominate of N2 in shale gas reservoirs. Strong tectonic deformation is an important factor leading to the massive gas loss from shale reservoirs, thus resulting in no gas or only a small amount of N2 in the Lower Cambrian shales. In a word, the Lower Cambrian shale gas plays with low maturity and relatively stable tectonic condition, especially deep-ultradeep zones, may be the favorable targets for shale gas exploration.

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Section: Tectonic Deformationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lower Cambrian Organic-Rich Shales in Southern China: A Review of Gas-Bearing Property, Pore Structure, and Their Controlling Factors

Gao

Xiao

et al. 2022

Geofluids

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“…From the past studies, we know smaller pores are abundant in shale samples . MICP analysis shows that pore throats are primarily less than 10 nm in size for the shales . On the other hand, MICP measured pore throats are the narrowest pathways (the capillary limit for the flow), which implies that pore connectivity does not necessarily come from pores smaller than 10 nm.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…29 MICP analysis shows that pore throats are primarily less than 10 nm in size for the shales. 22 On the other hand, MICP measured pore throats are the narrowest pathways (the capillary limit for the flow), which implies that pore connectivity does not necessarily come from pores smaller than 10 nm. Ma et al 29 used high-resolution imaging to study nanopores in shale and showed that pores in the range of 10−100 nm in size were the primary contributors to the connectivity of the pores.…”

Section: ■ Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All of the samples are from the same well. The reported porosity values in Table were measured using helium pycnometery . TOC denotes the total organic carbon of the samples.…”

Section: Samples and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reported porosity values in Table 1 were measured using helium pycnometery. 22 TOC denotes the total organic carbon of the samples. T max is a measure of the thermal maturity of the organic contents of the shale samples.…”

Section: ■ Samples and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pore Characterization of Organic-Rich Shales through Application of Topological Data Analysis and Persistent Homology

Bizhani

Ardakani

2021

Energy Fuels

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This paper discusses pore characterization of organic-rich shales using 3D high-resolution imaging and a topological data analysis (TDA) framework. In particular, our focus is on persistent homology. Our data set contains four organic-rich shale samples (imaged at 10 nm3/voxel) and a Bentheimer sandstone as the anchor point for comparison. The analysis shows that pores larger than 12.4 nm have poor connectivity, and there is no evidence of a percolating path through any of the shale samples. In contrast, the Bentheimer sandstone shows remarkable differences from the shales in terms of pore connectivity. In terms of geometry, pores and grains in shale are shown to be highly nonconvex, while sandstone exhibits a more uniform and convex distribution of pore and grain size. Euler characteristics of the samples are also computed and discussed along with the pore network extracted on the segmented images. The results show all three methods have an agreement in the overall description of the pore space. However, persistent homology data reveal more information on the pore and grain phase as compared to the other methods. In the last section of the paper, we present an investigation of topological changes in the pore space as a function of pore radius. The analysis indicates most pores must be enlarged by ∼70–80 nm for the pore space to span into a connected network. The implication is that flow mainly occurs through independent channels in shales, as opposed to sandstone where many redundant flow pathways exist.

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Unfrozen Water Content and Ice–Water Thawing Mechanism in Cryogenic Frozen Coal

Qin

Lin

et al. 2022

Nat Resour Res

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The influence of rigid matrix minerals on organic porosity and pore size in shale reservoirs: Upper Devonian Duvernay Formation, Alberta, Canada

Cited by 45 publications

References 81 publications

Lower Cambrian Organic-Rich Shales in Southern China: A Review of Gas-Bearing Property, Pore Structure, and Their Controlling Factors

Lower Cambrian Organic-Rich Shales in Southern China: A Review of Gas-Bearing Property, Pore Structure, and Their Controlling Factors

Pore Characterization of Organic-Rich Shales through Application of Topological Data Analysis and Persistent Homology

Unfrozen Water Content and Ice–Water Thawing Mechanism in Cryogenic Frozen Coal

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