The Influence of Selective Participation in a Physical Activity Intervention on the Generalizability of Findings

Vehtari, Aki; Reijonsaari, Karita; Kahilakoski, Olli-Pekka; Paananen, Markus; Mechelen, Willem van; Taimela, Simo

doi:10.1097/jom.0000000000000000

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In studies among adults, non-participation in studies about respiratory conditions is associated with higher prevalence of smoking 13 14 33 and lower SES. 16 Further, non-participation in an alcohol use prevention study among teenagers was related to lower parental socioeconomic level. 34 However, little is known about non-participation in smoking prevention programmes among teenagers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among adults, it is known that the prevalence of smokers is higher among non-participants in questionnaire surveys regarding respiratory conditions 13–15 and in health promotion interventions. 16 However, few studies have reported on factors related to non-participation in tobacco intervention among teenagers. One available study showed that non-participation in a family-directed tobacco and alcohol prevention programme was related to male sex, lower parental education and parental smoking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of a tobacco prevention programme among teenagers in Sweden

et al. 2015

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ObjectiveTo study the prevalence of tobacco use among teenagers, to evaluate a tobacco prevention programme and to study factors related to participation in the prevention programme.Design and settingPopulation-based prospective cohort study.MethodWithin the Obstructive Lung disease in Northern Sweden (OLIN) studies, a cohort study about asthma in schoolchildren started in 2006. All children aged 7–8 years in three municipalities were invited to a questionnaire survey and 2585 (96%) participated. The cohort was followed up at age 11–12 years (n=2612, 95% of invited) and 14–15 years (n=2345, 88% of invited). In 2010, some of the children in the OLIN cohort (n=447) were invited to a local tobacco prevention programme and 224 (50%) chose to participate.ResultsAt the age of 14–15 years, the prevalence of daily smoking was 3.5%. Factors related to smoking were female sex, having a smoking mother, participation in sports and lower parental socioeconomic status (SES). The prevalence of using snus was 3.3% and risk factors were male sex, having a smoking mother, having a snus-using father and non-participation in the prevention programme. In the prevention programme, the prevalence of tobacco use was significantly lower among the participants compared with the controls in the cohort. Factors related to non-participation were male sex, having a smoking mother, lower parental SES and participation in sports.ConclusionsThe prevalence of tobacco use was lower among the participants in the tobacco prevention programme compared with the non-participants as well as with the controls in the cohort. However, the observed benefit of the intervention may be overestimated as participation was biased by selection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a tobacco prevention programme among teenagers in Sweden

et al. 2015

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“…Good quality recruitment strategies into WHP programmes also play an important role so that there is broad employee participation. Programmes need to be available and accessible to participants [ 17 ], and attract people at risk of poor health rather than just selective participation from the ‘worried well’ [ 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Workplace Health Promotion and Mental Health: Three-Year Findings from Partnering Healthy@Work

Jarman¹,

Martin

Venn³

et al. 2016

PLoS ONE

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This study aimed to investigate the association between mental health and comprehensive workplace health promotion (WHP) delivered to an entire state public service workforce (~28,000 employees) over a three-year period. Government departments in a state public service were supported to design and deliver a comprehensive, multi-component health promotion program, Healthy@Work, which targeted modifiable health risks including unhealthy lifestyles and stress. Repeated cross-sectional surveys compared self-reported psychological distress (Kessler-10; K10) at commencement (N = 3406) and after 3 years (N = 3228). WHP availability and participation over time was assessed, and associations between the K10 and exposure to programs estimated. Analyses were repeated for a cohort subgroup (N = 580). Data were weighted for non-response. Participation in any mental health and lifestyle programs approximately doubled after 3 years. Both male and female employees with poorer mental health participated more often over time. Women’s psychological distress decreased over time but this change was only partially attributable to participation in WHP, and only to lifestyle interventions. Average psychological distress did not change over time for men. Unexpectedly, program components directly targeting mental health were not associated with distress for either men or women. Cohort results corroborated findings. Healthy@Work was successful in increasing participation across a range of program types, including for men and women with poorer mental health. A small positive association of participation in lifestyle programs with mental health was observed for women but not men. The lack of association of mental health programs may have reflected program quality, its universality of application or other contextual factors.

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“…Also, previous research, including our own for pH@W 40 has shown that employees with suboptimal health-related behaviors are less likely to engage in WHP activities, even though the greatest health gains might be achieved and observed in these groups. 74,75 Programs take a number of years to be accepted, utilised, and become functionally operational before the desired outcomes may be achieved. 6 Over a time frame of three years, our study shows evidence of interim health-related outcomes for the implementation approach used for pH@W, and no shift in employee health-related behaviors or BMI.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating Employee-Reported Benefits of Participation in a Comprehensive Australian Workplace Health Promotion Program

Kilpatrick

Blizzard

Sanderson

et al. 2016

Journal of Occupational &Amp; Environmental Medicine

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The Influence of Selective Participation in a Physical Activity Intervention on the Generalizability of Findings

Abstract: Selective participation may reduce the potential benefit of interventions and limit generalizability of findings.

Cited by 5 publications

References 27 publications

Evaluation of a tobacco prevention programme among teenagers in Sweden

Evaluation of a tobacco prevention programme among teenagers in Sweden

Workplace Health Promotion and Mental Health: Three-Year Findings from Partnering Healthy@Work

Investigating Employee-Reported Benefits of Participation in a Comprehensive Australian Workplace Health Promotion Program

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