The influence of situation and coping on relapse crisis outcomes after smoking cessation.

Abstract

Examines the influence of situational characteristics and coping on the outcome of a relapse crisis for 232 Ss followed for 1 month after a self-initiated smoking cessation attempt. Survival of a relapse crisis was most strongly related to the number of coping strategies used. All coping strategies were equally effective; furthermore, combining cognitive and behavioral coping strategies was not more effective than using multiple cognitive or multiple behavioral strategies. During the second half of the follow-up period (Weeks 3 and 4 postcessation), the presence of smokers resulted in a decreased likelihood of coping and an increased likelihood of smoking. In addition, active coping was marginally related to higher baseline levels of motivation to quit. When motivation and the presence of smokers were controlled, however, coping still significantly predicted outcome. Results are discussed with reference to previous relapse studies.

Efficacy of acute administration of nicotine gum in relief of cue-provoked cigarette craving

“…Superimposed against this background of more-or-less steady craving, smokers also experience episodic increases in craving (Shiffman et al 1996(Shiffman et al , 1997, which can result in relapse (Curry and Marlatt 1985;Marlatt and Gordon 1985;Shiffman et al 1996). These acute craving episodes, 'temptations' (Shiffman 1982a, Shiffman et al 1996, or 'high-risk situations' (Marlatt and Gordon 1985) can be provoked by exposure to smoking-related cues, such as smoking paraphernalia, smoking itself, or affective disturbances (Shiffman 1982a;Baker et al 1987;Bliss et al 1989;Shiffman et al 1996). Evidence suggests that temptation episodes can result in relapse unless coping is implemented to deal with those episodes (Shiffman 1982a;Shiffman et al 1996; This research was supported by GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare (GSKCH).…”

Prefrontal–striatal pathway underlies cognitive regulation of craving

“…Second, cognitive-behavioral therapies (CBT) include training in the cognitive regulation of craving, and are effective for treating SUDs (16). Third, across different forms of treatment, the deployment of cognitive strategies to reduce craving is associated with reduced relapse over time (13,(17)(18)(19)(20).…”

Diurnal variations in first lapses to smoking for nicotine patch users

“…In all cases NRT was not used and heavily dependent male and female smokers were targeted. Three of the studies did not include a behavioural support programme for stopping smoking and found first lapses to be evenly distributed across the day (Bliss et al, 1989;Borland, 1990;Shiffman, 1982). However, all of these three studies had important methodological limitations.…”

“…In two cases data were combined for temptations to smoke and actual lapses (Bliss et al, 1989;Shiffman, 1982), and the diurnal pattern for temptations and lapses may differ (Shiffman et al, 1996a). For two of the studies the lapses were recalled a month or more after they had occurred (Bliss et al, 1989;Borland, 1990), and the accuracy of such longterm recall of lapses must be questioned (Shiffman et al, 1997a). The remaining two studies both provided behavioural support programmes for stopping smoking and showed higher rates of first lapses later in the day (Brandon et al, 1986;Shiffman et al, 1996a).…”