The influence of slope and speed on locomotive power in cross-country skiing

Hausken, Kjell

doi:10.1016/j.humov.2014.08.016

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Hausken 7 modeled the power output of athletes based on Bolger et al 8 's research on speed and heart rate, expounded the relationship between power output and speed and verified the model with the simulated speed, and actual speed of an elite male skier on the 4218 m track. Based on this model, this paper selects three influencing factors of peak physical fitness to improve and reflect them in pacing strategy optimization.…”

Section: Cross-country Skiing Modelmentioning

confidence: 96%

Numerical optimization of pacing strategy in cross-country skiing based on Gauss pseudo-spectral method

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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In cross-country skiing competitions, the choice of pacing strategy is of decisive significance to athletes' performance. A reasonable pacing strategy is essential for athletes to improve their performance. In this paper, the mathematical models of cross-country skiing simulation and pacing optimization are established, including motion model, athlete power output model, and optimization model. The actual competition data of a Chinese athlete in Guyangshu 1.5 km track was compared with the model simulation results. The whole process time error is less than 3%, which verifies the accuracy of the motion and power output model. Gauss pseudo-spectral method is applied to the optimization model. By changing the distribution of athletes' power output, the racing time is minimized under the condition that the total energy output remains unchanged. Compared with the pacing strategy before optimization, the optimized racing time was shortened by 12.6 s, which verifies the effectiveness of the optimization model. Optimized results show that in the first significant uphill section, a recommendation is to use a more conservative strategy, while in the latter half of uphill sections the power output should be increased.

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Section: Cross-country Skiing Modelmentioning

confidence: 96%

Numerical optimization of pacing strategy in cross-country skiing based on Gauss pseudo-spectral method

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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show abstract

“…The hypothetical degree of inclination or slope between the tangent of the track and the horizontal level is expressed as x, see e.g [9] and [7]. That is, slope angle x=Arctan(vertical distance/horizontal distance).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is the precursor to the modern skate skiing techniques or techniques that emerged 1984-1985. 7 Its popularization is credited to Pauli Siitonen (born February 3, 1938). With good gliding, marathon skate may be applied in slight uphill terrain, and in slow or extremely slow snow conditions it may be applied downhill.…”

Section: Six Techniques Unique To Skate Skiingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This follows from findings that a skier's locomotive power decreases marginally as the speed increases from 0 to 6 m/s[3,10,16], and then starts to decrease as the speed increases to 10 m/s. For speeds above 10 m/s, skiers are usually no longer able to use their arms and legs for locomotion, and are usually in the low tuck G7 position described below[3,7,9,17].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Exhaustive Classification and Review of Techniques and Research Program for Techniques for Skate Skiing, Classical Skiing, and Ski Mountaineering

Hausken¹

2017

TOSSJ

Self Cite

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Background:Scattered analysis of some cross country skiing techniques is present in the literature.Objective:To provide an exhaustive classification and systematic overview of techniques in cross country skiing.Method:This paper classifies six techniques for skate skiing (gliding diagonal skate skiing G1, paddling G2, double dance G3, two skate G4, marathon skate, combiskate G5), four techniques for classical skiing (running diagonal stride RUN DS, diagonal stride DS, double poling kick DK, and double poling DP), five techniques for both skate skiing and classical skiing (herringbone HB, side-stepping G6, low tuck G7, plowing, skidding), and five techniques for steep terrain ski mountaineering. Classification occurs according to degrees of inclination of the terrain, speed ranges, whether the technique is propulsive or for downhill velocity control/turning, frequency of time applied, and literature references. Furthermore, techniques depend on snow conditions, friction, competition, training, wind, positioning within a race, the skier’s expertise, exhaustion level, acceleration, deceleration,etc.Results:Techniques can influence who wins races in cross-country skiing. Reasons for technique changes are provided, exemplified with technique changes through terrains with different inclines. Literature references are given for inclines and speeds for the various techniques.Conclusion:Essential for maturing skiers are the frequency and quality by which the six techniques for skate skiing, four techniques for classical skiing, and five techniques for both styles except mountaineering, are trained, when to use them, how and in which sequence they are introduced, and adequate supplementary training (e.g.crunches for double poling DP). A research program is sketched.

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Constructing a Talent Identification Index System and Evaluation Model for Cross-Country Skiers

Gao

Wang

Chen

et al. 2020

Journal of Sports Sciences

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The influence of slope and speed on locomotive power in cross-country skiing

Cited by 5 publications

References 17 publications

Numerical optimization of pacing strategy in cross-country skiing based on Gauss pseudo-spectral method

Numerical optimization of pacing strategy in cross-country skiing based on Gauss pseudo-spectral method

Exhaustive Classification and Review of Techniques and Research Program for Techniques for Skate Skiing, Classical Skiing, and Ski Mountaineering

Constructing a Talent Identification Index System and Evaluation Model for Cross-Country Skiers

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