The Influence of Socioeconomic Status on the Presence and Degree of Erectile Dysfunction in Men With Coronary Artery Disease—A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Impairment of social functioning and low economic status may lead to the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and erectile dysfunction (ED) in patients with clinically significant CVD. A total of 808 male patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) were recruited. Socioeconomic and demographic data as well as occupational data and the presence of modifiable risk factors were collected. Erection quality was assessed using the International Index of Erectile Function 5 (IIEF-5), while physical activity was evaluated using a modified Framingham questionnaire. Relationships among the presence of socioeconomic factors (marital status, education, income, occupational status, nature of work conducted, and demographic data), intensity of ED, and time from diagnosis of IHD were assessed. ED was diagnosed in 618 men (76.49% overall; severe in 23.14%, moderate to severe in 13.11%, moderate in 32.20%, mild in 31.55%). Patients with ED were older (61 ± 8.6 vs. 53 ± 9.1 years; p < .0001), were less active (6.97 ± 2.18 vs. 8.31 ± 2.34 Metabolic Equivalent [METs]; p < .0001), and had more modifiable risk factors (3.4 ± 1.1 vs. 3.2 ± 1.0; p < .0300). Higher education was associated with a lower probability of the occurrence of ED (OR = 0.7546; 95% CI [0.6221, 0.9153]). In patients with newly diagnosed IHD, SES correlated significantly with the presence of ED (p = .009). Education in patients suffering from CVD has a significant relationship with both the occurrence and degree of ED. Economic status was significantly linked to the presence and degree of ED only in patients with IHD diagnosed less than 2 months before entering the study.

Depressive and Sexual Disorders during the First and Second Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic among Young Polish Women

“…Our regression models showed an influence of socioeconomic covariates on the BDI and FSFI scores. The strong impact of socioeconomic status on sexual functioning was also reported by other researchers [36], while age differences do not seem to be clinically significant (Appendix A Figure A1). In addition, naturally, there were differences in terms of COVID-19 contact characteristics because more people were infected or had more infected friends and relatives.…”

Comparison of Male and Female Sexual Dysfunction between Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study

“…A great percentage of uremic women complain of decrease in libido and pain during intercourse [ 31 ]. Azevedo et al claimed that the women with impaired sexual function had lower serum creatinine and phosphate level that can show association with nutritional status [ 32 ]. Guan et al reported that the main risk factors for decreased libido and lack of orgasm in CKD female patients are anemia, depression, and using beta-blockers [ 26 ].…”

“…Studies demonstrated that the increased calcium level is associated with sexual dysfunction in male undergoing PD referring to the vascular etiology of erectile impairment [ 32 ]. The reproductive hormonal disturbance is the other reason for erectile dysfunction [ 16 ].…”

“…The reproductive hormonal disturbance is the other reason for erectile dysfunction [ 16 ]. In one study, about 34% of patients had low serum testosterone levels [ 32 ]. Therefore, controlling these parameters can help patients to improve their sexual functions.…”

Factors impacting on sexual function among men on active surveillance for prostate cancer

“…For example, poorer sexual function among socially disadvantaged men. A possible explanation is that lower SES is associated with higher risk of cardiovascular disease 38 and less participation in physical activity, 39 both of which can lead to poorer sexual function. Another interesting finding was improved sexual functioning among men starting AS in more recent years.…”