The influence of south foehn on the ozone mixing ratios at the high alpine site Arosa

Campana, Mike; Li, Yingshi; Staehelin, J.; Prévôt, Andrê S. H.; Bonasoni, Paolo; Loetscher, Hanspeter; Peter, Thomas

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.01.037

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…South foehn is a typical Alpine meteorological phenomenon characterized by south to north advection and is caused by a strong pressure gradient across the Alps that leads to a descending air stream northward (Seibert 1990). Campana et al (2005) observed enhanced O 3 concentrations during south foehn events during spring and summer at ARO. In the case of the south foehn, the continental-scale influence of pollutant emissions on O 3 appeared to be far less important than the direct influence of the Po Basin emissions.…”

Section: Long-range Transport From Continental Sources Anthropogenic mentioning

confidence: 96%

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A review of atmospheric chemistry observations at mountain sites

Okamoto

Tanimoto

2016

Prog. in Earth and Planet. Sci.

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Located far from anthropogenic emission sources, high-altitude mountain stations are considered to be ideal sites for monitoring climatic and environmentally important baseline changes in free tropospheric trace gases and aerosols. In addition, the observations taken at these stations are often used to study the long-range transport of dust as well as anthropogenic and biomass burning pollutants from source regions and to evaluate the performance of global and regional models. In this paper, we summarize the results from past and ongoing field measurements of atmospheric constituents at high-altitude stations across the globe, with particular emphasis on reactive trace species including tropospheric ozone, along with its precursors such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, total reactive nitrogen, and nonmethane hydrocarbons. Over the past decades, our understanding of the temporal variability and meteorological mechanisms of long-range transport has advanced in tandem with progress in instrumentation and modeling. Finally, the future needs of atmospheric chemistry observations at mountain sites are addressed.

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Section: Long-range Transport From Continental Sources Anthropogenic mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…2b), ZSF (~55 ppb) Schuepbach et al 2001;Fig. 2a), CMN (~60 ppb) (Bonasoni et al 2000a;Campana et al 2005; Fig. 2e), KSL (Elansky et al 1995;Senik and Elansky 2001;Senik et al 2005;Tarasova et al 2003Tarasova et al , 2009, KVV (~55 ppb; Fig.…”

Section: Seasonal Variationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of atmospheric chemistry observations at mountain sites

Okamoto

Tanimoto

2016

Prog. in Earth and Planet. Sci.

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“…However, air reaching measurement sites at the Northern edge of the Alps often originates from altitudes of about 2000 m a.s.l. in the south and not necessarily from low altitude in the boundary layer (Seibert, 1990;Campana et al, 2005). Consequently, there are south Foehn events which transport highly polluted air from the Po Basin to the Jungfraujoch and others with no sign of pollution when the origin was probably above the boundary layer .…”

Section: Casementioning

confidence: 99%

European source and sink areas of CO2 retrieved from Lagrangian transport model interpretation of combined O2 and CO2 measurements at the high alpine research station Jungfraujoch

2011

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Abstract. The University of Bern monitors carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and oxygen (O 2 ) at the High Altitude Research Station Jungfraujoch since the year 2000 by means of flasks sampling and since 2005 using a continuous in situ measurement system. This study investigates the transport of CO 2 and O 2 towards Jungfraujoch using backward Lagrangian Particle Dispersion Model (LPDM) simulations and utilizes CO 2 and O 2 signatures to classify air masses. By investigating the simulated transport patterns associated with distinct CO 2 concentrations it is possible to decipher different source and sink areas over Europe. The highest CO 2 concentrations, for example, were observed in winter during pollution episodes when air was transported from Northeastern Europe towards the Alps, or during south Foehn events with rapid uplift of polluted air from Northern Italy, as demonstrated in two case studies.To study the importance of air-sea exchange for variations in O 2 concentrations at Jungfraujoch the correlation between CO 2 and APO (Atmospheric Potential Oxygen) deviations from a seasonally varying background was analyzed. Anomalously high APO concentrations were clearly associated with air masses originating from the Atlantic Ocean, whereas low APO concentrations were found in air masses advected either from the east from the Eurasian continent in summer, or from the Eastern Mediterranean in winter. Those air masses with low APO in summer were also strongly depleted in CO 2 suggesting a combination of CO 2 uptake by vegetation and O 2 uptake by dry summer soils. Other subsets of points in the APO-CO 2 scatter plot investigated with respect to air mass Correspondence to: M. Leuenberger (leuenberger@climate.unibe.ch) origin included CO 2 and APO background values and points with regular APO but anomalous CO 2 concentrations. Background values were associated with free tropospheric air masses with little contact with the boundary layer during the last few days, while high or low CO 2 concentrations reflect the various levels of influence of anthropogenic emissions and the biosphere. The pronounced cycles of CO 2 and O 2 exchanges with the biosphere and the ocean cause clusters of points and lead to a seasonal pattern.

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“…In addition, Penkett and Brice (1986) based on the analysis of PAN measurements showed a large PAN increase in background Northern Hemisphere air during springtime and developed a theory to explain the observed spring ozone maximum in the FT since PAN is an excellent tracer of the photochemical activity. It should be also noted that the seasonal variation of the frequency of south Foehn events from April 1997 to March 1999 at JFJ shows a peak in April (Zellweger et al, 2003) while Campana et al (2005) reported enhanced O 3 and NO y levels at Arosa during south Foehn events in spring. Figure 4 shows the monthly means of O 3 versus NO z at JFJ from 1998 to 2004.…”

Section: Observed and Steady State Calculations Of E Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal variability of measured ozone production efficiencies in the lower free troposphere of Central Europe

et al. 2007

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Abstract. In this study we present the seasonal variability of ozone production efficiencies (E N ), defined as the net number of ozone molecules produced per molecule of nitrogen oxides (nitrogen oxide (NO) + nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 )=NO x ) oxidized to NO z (total reactive nitrogen (NO y )-NO x ) determined from field measurements of a seven-year period (1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004) at the Swiss high-alpine research station Jungfraujoch (JFJ), 3580 m a.s.l. This dataset is a unique long-term data series of nitrogen levels in the free troposphere over Central Europe and hence it offers an excellent opportunity to perform such an analysis and provide further evidence to the photochemical origin of the ozone spring maximum at locations of the northern hemisphere distant from nearby pollution sources. Experimentally derived daily E N values have been selected for 571 days out of the 2557 days from 1998 to 2004, from which an average ozone production efficiency of 18.8±1.3 molecules of O 3 produced per molecule of NO x oxidized was calculated. This value indicates the great potential and importance of photochemical ozone production in the free troposphere. The monthly means of experimentally derived daily E N values show a seasonal variation with lower values from May to August, which can be probably attributed to more efficient vertical transport of polluted air masses from the atmospheric boundary layer up to JFJ. In agreement, theoretically derived monthly E N values show similar seasonal variation. The ratio NO y /CO, a parameter to assess the aging process that has occurred in an air parcel, was used as a criterion to disaggregate the 571 selected days between undisturbed and disturbed free tropospheric (FT). The monthly means of experimentally derived E N values for the undisturbed FT conditions show a distinct seasonal cycle with higher values in the cold season fromCorrespondence to: P. Zanis (pzanis@geol.uoa.gr) November to April. The E N values for undisturbed FT conditions are particularly higher than the respective monthly E N values for disturbed FT conditions from February to October. It should be noted that the monthly E N values of March (E N =35.8) and April (E N =34.9) are among the highest values throughout the year for undisturbed FT conditions at JFJ. These results highlight the key and possibly the dominant role for photochemistry in the observed build-up of tropospheric ozone in the winter-spring transition period.

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The influence of south foehn on the ozone mixing ratios at the high alpine site Arosa

Cited by 15 publications

References 19 publications

A review of atmospheric chemistry observations at mountain sites

A review of atmospheric chemistry observations at mountain sites

European source and sink areas of CO<sub>2</sub> retrieved from Lagrangian transport model interpretation of combined O<sub>2</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> measurements at the high alpine research station Jungfraujoch

Seasonal variability of measured ozone production efficiencies in the lower free troposphere of Central Europe

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The influence of south foehn on the ozone mixing ratios at the high alpine site Arosa

Cited by 15 publications

References 19 publications

A review of atmospheric chemistry observations at mountain sites

A review of atmospheric chemistry observations at mountain sites

European source and sink areas of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; retrieved from Lagrangian transport model interpretation of combined O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; measurements at the high alpine research station Jungfraujoch

Seasonal variability of measured ozone production efficiencies in the lower free troposphere of Central Europe

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European source and sink areas of CO<sub>2</sub> retrieved from Lagrangian transport model interpretation of combined O<sub>2</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> measurements at the high alpine research station Jungfraujoch