The influence of spruce wood heat treatment on its thermal stability and burning process

Martinka, Jozef; Hroncová, Emília; Chrebet, Tomáš; Balog, Karol

doi:10.1007/s00107-014-0805-9

Cited by 38 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Thermal treatment temperatures are usually in the range of 150 °C to 280 °C (Martinka et al 2014), and significant changes occur when the temperature exceeds 200 °C. Thermal treatment improves wood durability, resistance to biological factors and weathering, hygroscopicity, and dimensional stability (Allegretti et al 2008;Murata et al 2013;Navickas et al 2015), but it significantly reduces its mechanical properties (Weiland and Guyonnet 2003;Borrega and Kärenlampi 2008;Niemz et al 2010;Kačík et al 2012;Kubš et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring the Modulus of Elasticity of Thermally Treated Spruce Wood using the Ultrasound and Resonance Methods

et al. 2016

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The effect of thermal treatment temperatures on the dynamic and static modulus of elasticity (MOE) of Norway spruce wood (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.) was evaluated. The dynamic MOE was measured using ultrasound and resonance methods in the longitudinal and transverse directions. The static MOE was determined by the three-point bending test. The dynamic MOE values determined by the ultrasound method were higher than the static MOE values in each case. As the temperature of the thermal treatment increased, the difference between the dynamic and static MOE values decreased. The MOE increased with increasing temperature, and it was more pronounced on a tangential surface. Increasing the sensor distance had a positive effect on the correlation between the static and dynamic MOE, and the effect from the increased temperature decreased. Measurement by the resonance method showed twice as high MOE values in the transverse direction than in the longitudinal direction. The thermal treatment caused a significant decrease in the MOE only in the transverse direction, and the differences were insignificant in the longitudinal direction. The dynamic MOE values measured by the resonance method were higher than the static MOE values but slightly lower than the values measured by the ultrasound method.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring the Modulus of Elasticity of Thermally Treated Spruce Wood using the Ultrasound and Resonance Methods

et al. 2016

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“…Unambiguous differences in the HRRs could be achieved with changing of the heat flux density, which has a significant influence on the combustion, according to Martinka et al . On the basis of fire growth rate values, the classification of fire performance did not advance significantly.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of melamine impregnation and heat treatment on the fire performance of Scots pine (Pinus sylvetris) wood

Lahtela

Kärki

2015

Fire and Materials

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Summary Wood, as a natural and renewable resource, is a popular material for construction, but its fire performance restricts its utilization. In addition, for example, the mechanical properties of wood have up till now been impaired by the most common fire retardants, and therefore, the investigation of wood modification with not‐weakening flame retardants is essential. This study investigates the effects of melamine impregnation and heat treatment on the fire performance of Scots pine (Pinus sylvetris L.). The treated samples were tested with a cone calorimeter, and the following features were studied: time to ignition, heat release, smoke production, and mass loss. The heat‐treated samples became more homogenous as regards the results of fire performance. Some of the examined fire behavior values decreased because of heat treatment, while the same values increased after the combination of melamine impregnation and heat treatment. The smoke production was reduced the most for the samples that were both impregnated and heat treated. Although the influence of treatment on the fire behavior properties of solid wood was relatively marginal, it was assumed that these treatments will not have a negative impact on the fire‐resistance properties of pine wood. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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“…It causes direct and indirect damages and, according to the method of its development, it belongs to anthropogenic (which are more common in Slovakia) or natural harmful factors. It is a complex of physico-chemical phenomena based on unstationary (changing in space and time) processes of combustion, gas exchange, and heat transfer [14].…”

Section: Coniferous Wood In Forest Firesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wood of Coniferous Trees: Reaction to Fire

Osvaldová¹

2018

Forest Fire

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This thesis investigates the reaction of wood of selected coniferous wood species (pine, fir, spruce, larch) to fire. The fact that coniferous wood might be taken from various parts of the tree, i.e., branches, trunk, or root, is also taken into consideration. We study changes in selected properties in relation to fire-weight loss, relative burning rate, charred layer, and (a)/(b) ratio. Results are then statistically evaluated.Keywords: coniferous wood, fire, mass loss, testing methods, reaction to fire Coniferous wood in forest fireClimatic changes in Europe brought about a new phenomenon-forest fires. Fires regularly occur mainly in southern Europe-in Portugal, Spain, Greece, southern France, Croatia, and Mediterranean islands.Slovakia is no exception-there were 136 recorded fires in 2016 causing the damage of 96,665 €. The worst situation came about in 2012 with 517 fires occurring on 170 ha of forest cover. The material damage came up to 793,860 €.The most common causes of fires are campfires and the burning of grass, dry vegetation, waste, and trash. Statistics show exact causes of fires, size of the area, and damage done to vegetation. One of the biggest fires on the territory of Slovakia broke out in a hard to access mountain ridge. It was probably caused by unruly guests setting up fire on the mountain ridge near a tourist path. The fire claimed human lives. It emerged in the locality of Krompľa, on the border of Hrabušice and Betlanovce, not far from the national nature reserve Tri kopce. The terrain made it impossible for the fire equipment to reach the area. According to the estimates, 10 ha of forest burnt down. The territory, along with Záhorie, was the area with the © 2018 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. most frequent reoccurrence of forest fires even in the past. Although forest fires were quite common in our territory in the past, they were not of such large scale and economic consequences [1,2].Due to climate change, the intensity of forest fires has risen. In addition, forest fires are influenced by more factors: slope of forest terrain, cardinal points, wind and fuel-tree types, their age, branch proportion, trunk, and root system.The thesis treats the issue of fuel response of four selected types of coniferous wood and their reaction to thermal stress in constant conditions. The four types of trees are as follows: Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), European silver fir (Abies alba Mill.), Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), and European larch (Larix decidua Mill.). These conditions simulate an emerging fire.

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The influence of spruce wood heat treatment on its thermal stability and burning process

Cited by 38 publications

References 18 publications

Measuring the Modulus of Elasticity of Thermally Treated Spruce Wood using the Ultrasound and Resonance Methods

Measuring the Modulus of Elasticity of Thermally Treated Spruce Wood using the Ultrasound and Resonance Methods

The influence of melamine impregnation and heat treatment on the fire performance of Scots pine (Pinus sylvetris) wood

Wood of Coniferous Trees: Reaction to Fire

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