The influence of stage of pregnancy on digestion characteristics in beef cows (1988)

Beharka, A.A.; Cochran, B.; Harmon, D. L.; Avery, T. B.

doi:10.4148/2378-5977.2313

Cited by 2 publications

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“…decreased with advancing gestation. Beharka et al (1988), Faichney andWhite (1988), andScheaffer et al (2001) also observed decreases in apparent total-tract DM digestibility in ewes, beef cows, and beef heifers, respectively. Beharka et al (1988) observed that apparent total-tract DM digestibility decreased while the rate of passage increased.…”

Section: Abmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Beharka et al (1988), Faichney andWhite (1988), andScheaffer et al (2001) also observed decreases in apparent total-tract DM digestibility in ewes, beef cows, and beef heifers, respectively. Beharka et al (1988) observed that apparent total-tract DM digestibility decreased while the rate of passage increased. According to those authors, because the rate of passage and digestibility are competing forces, the decreased apparent total-tract DM digestibility may be explained in part by the increased passage rate.…”

Section: Abmentioning

confidence: 78%

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Effects of day of gestation and feeding regimen in Holstein × Gyr cows: I. Apparent total-tract digestibility, nitrogen balance, and fat deposition

Rotta

Filho

Gionbelli

et al. 2015

Journal of Dairy Science

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This study investigated how feeding regimen (FR) alters apparent total-tract digestibility, performance, N balance, excretion of purine derivatives, and fat deposition in Holstein × Gyr cows at different days of gestation (DG). Forty-four pregnant multiparous Holstein × Gyr cows with an average initial body weight of 480±10.1 kg and an initial age of 5±0.5 yr old were allocated to 1 of 2 FR: ad libitum (AL; n=20) and maintenance level (ML; n=24). Maintenance level was considered to be 1.15% of body weight on a dry matter (DM) basis and met 100% of the energy requirements, whereas AL provided 190% of total net energy requirements. Data for hot and cold carcass dressing, fat deposition, average daily gain, empty body gain, and average daily gain without the gravid uterus were analyzed as a 4×2 factorial design. Intake, apparent total-tract digestibility, N balance, urinary concentration of urea, and purine derivatives data were analyzed as repeated measurements taken over the 28-d period (122, 150, 178, 206, 234, and 262 d of gestation). Cows were individually fed a corn silage-concentrate based diet composed of 93% roughage and 7% concentrate (DM basis) as a total mixed ration. Pregnant cows were slaughtered on 4 different DG: 139 (n=11), 199 (n=11), 241 (n=11), and 268 d (n=11). Overall, DM intake decreased as DG increased. This decrease observed in DM intake may be associated with the reduction in ruminal volume caused by the rapid increase in fetal size during late gestation. We observed an interaction for DM and organic matter apparent total-tract digestibility between FR and DG; at 150, 178, and 206 d of gestation, ML-fed cows had greater DM and organic matter apparent total-tract digestibility values than AL-fed cows. Rib fat thickness, mesentery, and kidney, pelvic, and heart fat were greater in AL-fed than in ML-fed cows at all DG, with the exception of rib fat thickness on d 139. Ad libitum-fed cows excreted more N in their feces and urine compared with ML-fed cows. Pregnant cows that were fed at maintenance had greater digestibility during some DG, excreted less N in feces and less N and urea in urine, and deposited less fat in the body. We therefore recommend ML (1.15% of body weight with 93% of roughage) as a FR for pregnant dry cows; however, during the last month of gestation, AL seems to be the most appropriate FR to avoid loss of body weight.

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Section: Abmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Abmentioning

confidence: 78%

Effects of day of gestation and feeding regimen in Holstein × Gyr cows: I. Apparent total-tract digestibility, nitrogen balance, and fat deposition

Rotta

Filho

Gionbelli

et al. 2015

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…According to Rotta [12] and Park [26], with advancing gestation the total-tract dry matter, organic matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fiber digestibility, has shown a reduction, which in part can be explained by the increase of passage rate [29]. Nevertheless, in the present study, we observed that apparent total-tract dry matter, organic matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fiber digestibility increased and no difference was observed for the k p in the period of gestation evaluated, which explains the non-reduction of total-tract digestibility.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digestive parameters during gestation of Holstein heifers

Pereira

Marcondes

Filho

et al. 2020

Preprint

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20Our objective was to estimate nutrient intake, ruminal flow, total apparent and ruminal 21 digestibility, rates of passage and digestion, ruminal and omasal pH, blood metabolite 22 concentrations, and body measurements during gestation of Holstein heifers. Eleven 23 pregnant Holstein heifers, 8 of which fitted with a rumen cannula (450 ± 27.6 kg of body 24 weight and 20 ± 3.5 months of initial age) were used. All heifers received the same diet 25 composed of corn silage, soybean meal, corn meal, minerals and vitamins, with a corn 26 silage:concentrate ratio of 50:50 (on a dry matter basis), aiming an average daily gain of 27 approximately 1.0 kg. The sampling periods were established according to the days of 28 gestation: 145, 200, and 255 with a duration of 10 days per period. Total fecal samples 29were collected to estimate dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, and neutral detergent 30 fiber digestibility. Blood samples were collected to analyze metabolites (non-esterified 31 fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate, urea, and glucose). Data were analyzed as a repeated 32 measurements scheme, using MIXED procedure, with differences declared when P < 33 0.05. Dry matter intake expressed in kg/day increased from d-145 to d-200, and remaining 34 stable until d-255 of gestation. The same results were observed for organic matter and 35 crude protein intake, increasing 15.0 and 35.8% respectively. In contrast, when dry matter 36 intake was evaluated as % body weight, we observed a decrease of 16.7% from d-200 to 37 d-255. Days of gestation did not influence ruminal flow of dry matter, organic matter, 38 crude protein, and neutral detergent fiber. We observed an increase in the ruminal 39 digestibility of neutral detergent fiber by 20.5%. The apparent total-tract digestibility of 40 dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein changed over days of gestation, with an 41 increase of 11.9, 8.5, and 9.8%, respectively, when comparing d-145 with d-200. The rate 42 of digestion of neutral detergent fiber increased from 2.0 to 3.5% h -1 . Glucose levels 43 decreased, while β-hydroxybutirate and non-esterified fatty acids increased from d-145 3 44 to d-255. In conclusion, our results demonstrate a reduction in dry matter intake in % 45 body weight due to pregnancy. It also shows an increase in total apparent digestibility 46 through gestation, which imply a greater efficiency of use of nutrients by pregnant 47 animals. Thus, further research is still needed to consolidate such results and to elucidate 48 the mechanism about nutrient usage during the final third of gestation in heifers. 49 50 51 According to the Hoffman [1], heifers should have the first parturition with at least 52 94% of their mature body weight, considering the fetal weight. Thus, their nutritional plan 53 requires strategies to maintain constant and satisfactory gains until the end of gestation 54 [2]. According to Mohd [3] the advances in reproduction were superior to the nutritional 55 advances of heifers, producing precocious animals that may present low ...

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The influence of stage of pregnancy on digestion characteristics in beef cows (1988)

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of day of gestation and feeding regimen in Holstein × Gyr cows: I. Apparent total-tract digestibility, nitrogen balance, and fat deposition

Effects of day of gestation and feeding regimen in Holstein × Gyr cows: I. Apparent total-tract digestibility, nitrogen balance, and fat deposition

Digestive parameters during gestation of Holstein heifers

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