Strain variation in the level of resistance to malaria was investigated in inbred strains of mice after infection with Plasmodium chabaudi. When infected intraperitoneally with 106 P. chabaudi-parasitized erythrocytes, mice of 11 inbred strains could be separated into two groups by using survival time as the criterion; C57BL/6J, C57L/J, DBA/2J, CBA/J, and B10.AISgSn mice were found to be resistant to P. chabaudi, whereas A/J, DBA/1J, BALB/c, C3H/HeJ, AKRIJ, and SJL/J mice were susceptible. An examination of F1 hybrids revealed that resistance was dominant over susceptibility. A segregation analysis of backcross and F2 progeny derived from susceptible A/J and resistant B1O.AISgSn parental mice suggested that host resistance in this strain combination was genetically controlled by a single, dominant, non-H-2-linked gene. Inheritance of resistance