The Influence of Subsurface Drainage Practiceson Nitrogen and Phosphorus Losses in a Warm, Humid Climate

Bengtson, R. L.; Carter, C. E.; Morris, H. F.; Bartkiewicz, Stanisław

doi:10.13031/2013.30775

Cited by 37 publications

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“…Others have also observed substantial drainage TP contributions through drainage, ranging from 17 to >50% of the total P losses (Culley et al, 1983; Jamieson et al, 2003; Tomer et al, 2010; Enright and Madramootoo, 2004; King et al, 2015; Smith et al, 2015). However, several field‐scale studies have concluded that subsurface drainage could reduce overall P export by reducing surface runoff (Bottcher et al, 1981; Bengtson et al, 1988; Fausey et al, 1995; Eastman et al, 2010). This suggests that field‐scale P transport pathways may be highly sensitive to field conditions and properties and may not reflect overall P transport at the catchment scale.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although drainage provides many benefits to agricultural production, drainage also represents a major pathway for nutrient losses from agricultural lands. Historically, studies of P export to waters have primarily focused on surface pathways, with some studies even suggesting that subsurface drainage reduces overall P export through reduced surface runoff (Bottcher et al, 1981; Bengtson et al, 1988; Fausey et al, 1995; Eastman et al, 2010). However, in shifting water flow from surface to subsurface pathways, substantial drainage P contributions have been reported, ranging from 17 to >50% of total P losses (Culley et al, 1983; Jamieson et al, 2003; Enright and Madramootoo, 2004; Tomer et al, 2010; King et al, 2015; Smith et al, 2015).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Catchment‐scale Phosphorus Export through Surface and Drainage Pathways

et al. 2019

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The site‐specific nature of P fate and transport in drained areas exemplifies the need for additional data to guide implementation of conservation practices at the catchment scale. Total P (TP), dissolved reactive P (DRP), and total suspended solids (TSS) were monitored at five sites—two streams, two tile outlets, and a grassed waterway—in three agricultural subwatersheds (221.2–822.5 ha) draining to Black Hawk Lake in western Iowa. Median TP concentrations ranged from 0.034 to 1.490 and 0.008 to 0.055 mg P L−1 for event and baseflow samples, respectively. The majority of P and TSS export occurred during precipitation events and high‐flow conditions with greater than 75% of DRP, 66% of TP, and 59% of TSS export occurring during the top 25% of flows from all sites. In one subwatershed, a single event (annual recurrence interval < 1 yr) was responsible for 46.6, 84.0, and 81.0% of the annual export of TP, DRP, and TSS, respectively, indicating that frequent, small storms have the potential to result in extreme losses. Isolated monitoring of surface and drainage transport pathways indicated significant P and TSS losses occurring through drainage; over the 2‐yr study period, the drainage pathway was responsible for 69.8, 59.2, and 82.6% of the cumulative TP, DRP, and TSS export, respectively. Finally, the results provided evidence that particulate P losses in drainage were greater than dissolved P losses. Understanding relationships between flow, precipitation, transport pathway, and P fraction at the catchment scale is needed for effective conservation practice implementation. Core Ideas Single events accounted for the vast majority of annual P and total suspended solids export. Frequent, low‐depth events resulted in extreme P and total suspended solids losses. Particulate P losses in drainage waters can exceed dissolved P losses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Catchment‐scale Phosphorus Export through Surface and Drainage Pathways

et al. 2019

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“…The volume of seepage water that enters the groundwater cannot be precisely determined, as it varies depending on the distance from the drainage pipes and the type of soil (Ernstberger & Sokollek, 1984;Lammel, 1990). Bengtson, Carter, Morris, and Bartkiewicz (1988) came to the conclusion, when carrying out investigations in a drained river catchment area, that the surface run-off was reduced 34% by drainage, but that the total run-off increased by 35% because of the increase in drainage run-off (Bengtson et al, 1988).…”

Section: Impact Of Drainage On the Landscape Water Householdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesoscalic estimation of nitrogen discharge via drainage systems

2005

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A complex approach has been developed for estimating mesoscalic nitrogen discharges via drainage systems using spatial information about land use, drainage areas, nitrogen balances and soil and site characteristics. Determining the total drainage area involves certain difficulties for larger areas, as on the one hand, the available databases are incomplete, and on the other hand the localisation and digitalisation of large subsurface drainage areas is a very timeconsuming process. Knowledge of the history and causes of drainage systems in landscapes is required. To solve this problem a method has been developed to calculate the drainage areas for large catchments. In order to obtain a complete data set of subsurface drainage areas, representative areas were selected to enable the proportion of subsurface drainage area to be determined for various soil and site characteristics. These proportions were extrapolated to the entire area and the approach tested in the Mulde River Catchment Area in Germany.The rate of drained arable land is about 25.2% of the total area, which can be broken down into grassland (19.0%) and arable land (27.4%). The results differ for sandy soils with up to 8% drained areas and 57.8% for stagnant soils. This shows that the proportion of drained land is highly dependent on the nature of the soil in the catchment area, which has profound implications for approaches to nitrogen modelling.Average nitrogen discharge for the whole catchment area via drainage water was 33 kg ha À1 yr À1 in the 1980s and 10 kg ha À1 yr À1 in the 1990s. The nitrogen discharge varies from one soil type to another: in regions with sandy substrate (11,900 ha) discharge was 34 kg ha À1 yr À1 in the 1980s (14 kg ha À1 yr À1 in the 1990s), while in areas with loess lessive´soils (89,200 ha) it was about 26 kg ha À1 yr À1 in the 1980s (9 kg ha À1 yr À1 in the 1990s). The reduction can be explained by the complete change in farming strategy since the demise of the former German Democratic Republic (GDR).The approach shown is well suited to future model approaches on a regional scale. By creating and integrating new data sets derived from modern GIS operations the approach reduces the uncertainty of water and nitrogen modelling. This gives us a better understanding of nitrogen discharges into surface and groundwater and temporal discharge dynamics. The discharge data are highly valuable to predict environmental protection measurements for streams, lakes, coastal waters and groundwaters.

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“…Few other studies have been reported in the literature which address the benefits of WTIVI practices in relation to reducing nutrient transport in drainage outflow. Bengtson et al (1988) for public drinking supplies for all outflow samples, although 6% of the shallow groundwater samples within the field exceeded this limit. Evans et al (1989a) presented a compilation of data from North Carolina supporting the classification of controlled drainage as a best management practice.…”

Section: Water Table Management For No3-n Improvementmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Few other studies have been reported in the literature which address the benefits of WTM practices in relation to reducing nutrient transport in drainage outflow. Bengtson et al (1988) They found the average loss reduction resulting from drainage control in North Carolina to be 45%. They concluded that denitrification accounted for the reduced nitrogen transport from controlled drainage sites in eastern North…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water table management effects on photosynthesis, chlorophyll, crop yield, and water quality

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The Influence of Subsurface Drainage Practiceson Nitrogen and Phosphorus Losses in a Warm, Humid Climate

Cited by 37 publications

References 0 publications

Catchment‐scale Phosphorus Export through Surface and Drainage Pathways

Catchment‐scale Phosphorus Export through Surface and Drainage Pathways

Mesoscalic estimation of nitrogen discharge via drainage systems

Water table management effects on photosynthesis, chlorophyll, crop yield, and water quality

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