The Influence of Superstars on Organizational Identification of External Stakeholders: Empirical Findings from Professional Soccer

Hoegele, Daniel; Schmidt, Sascha L.; Torgler, Benno

doi:10.2139/ssrn.2171682

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

References 100 publications

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“…Finally, we should note that the allying with coalitions hypothesis and the spectator lek hypothesis are complementary (Lombardo, 2012). For example, the success of the team (Cialdini et al, 1976; Wann, 1996) and particular players (Hoegele, Schmidt, & Torgler, 2012; Melnick & Wann, 2011) are both known to influence fandom. This fits the spectator lek hypothesis, which holds that individuals will evaluate individuals based on their sports performance in groups; these observations also fit the allying with coalitions hypothesis because, according to this hypothesis, all else being equal, individuals will prefer allying with successful groups.…”

Section: Functional Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex differences in sports interest and motivation: An evolutionary perspective.

Deaner

Balish

Lombardo

2016

Evolutionary Behavioral Sciences

128

100

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Although girls and women in many societies avidly participate in sports, they have been traditionally underrepresented compared with boys and men. In this review, we address the apparent sex differences in sports interest and motivation from an evolutionary perspective. First, we demonstrate that females' underrepresentation generally reflects lesser interest, not merely fewer opportunities for engagement. Moreover, there is mounting evidence that male and female athletes generally differ in their motivation, specifically their competitiveness and risk taking. Second, we examine the functional explanations for sports. We argue that the courtship display hypothesis applies mainly to females; the spectator lek hypothesis applies chiefly to males; and that 2 other hypotheses-the allying with coalitions hypothesis and the development of skills hypothesis-are important for both females and males. Third, we explore the proximate causes for the sex differences in sports interest and motivation. We show that although there is compelling evidence that prenatal hormones contribute, the evidence that socialization plays a role remains equivocal. We conclude by discussing key findings and identifying areas for further research.

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