The influence of temperature on the development and survival of the pre-infective free-living stages of nematode parasites of sheep

Leathwick, Dave M.

doi:10.1080/00480169.2012.712092

Cited by 18 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In addition, adult, but not juvenile, T. rufus had a higher infection rate in the South of Sweden. In terrestrial systems, the development of nematode eggs and larvae are shown to increase with temperature, allowing higher transmission speed [67,68,78,79]. This phenomenon may also occur in the warmer climate in southern Sweden and be relevant for the transmission of parasites among beavers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasitic fauna of Eurasian beavers (Castor fiber) in Sweden (1997–1998)

2021

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Background The parasitic fauna of beavers (Castor fiber and C. canadensis) has been well studied in many parts of their respective areas of distribution. In Scandinavia there have, however, been limited investigations conducted on the parasites of beavers in recent times. The present study is the first quantitative survey of parasites on beavers living in Sweden and elsewhere in Scandinavia. We investigated the parasitic fauna of the Eurasian beaver (C. fiber) in a North–South gradient in Sweden. The aim of the study was to investigate parasite distribution and prevalence in particular, related to average yearly air temperature and different age groups of beavers. A total of 30 beavers were sampled at eight localities, spanning a 720 km North–South gradient during the springs of 1997 and 1998. Results Five parasite taxa were identified. Four of these were present in all of the examined beavers, Stichorchis subtriquetrus (trematode), Travassosius rufus (nematode), Platypsyllus castoris (coleopteran), and Schizocarpus spp. (arachnid). A higher number of new infections of S. subtriquetrus, and more adults of T. rufus, were seen in beavers in southern Sweden where temperatures are higher. One-year old beavers had a higher infestation of S. subtriquetrus, but not of T. rufus, than older individuals. Conclusions The parasite fauna of Swedish beavers mirrored the impoverished parasite fauna of the original Norwegian population, and the high prevalence of parasites could be due to low major histocompatibility complex (MHC) polymorphism. Young beavers had a higher load of trematodes, probably depending on behavioural and ecological factors. Warmer temperatures in southern localities likely contributed to increased endoparasite loads.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasitic fauna of Eurasian beavers (Castor fiber) in Sweden (1997–1998)

2021

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“…In Lages/SC in southern Brazil, no eggs were found in sheep faeces 10 days after deposition and larvae were found in faeces up to 55 days after deposition during spring (Souza et al, 2000), demonstrating a much longer period of permanence in the faecal bolus. It is possible that in the coastal climate of Florianópolis/SC the eggs hatched and migrated quickly; however survival was short, probably as a consequence of greater energy expenditure and greater contact with solar radiation on top of the forages (Crofton, 1948; Santos et al, 2012; Leathwick, 2013; Gasparina et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of growing forage legumes on the migration and survival in the pasture of gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep

et al. 2022

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In order to identify types of forage that inhibit pasture contamination, an evaluation was performed of the effect of the forage legumes Trifolium repens (white clover), Trifolium pratense (red clover) and Lotus corniculatus (bird's-foot-trefoil) on the survival and migration of infective larvae (L3) of gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) of sheep. An experimental area of 441 m2 was divided into four blocks, subdivided into areas of 1.20 × 1.20 in which the three forage legumes were separately overseeded. After growth of the forage in each subdivision, experimental units were established that were later artificially contaminated with sheep faeces containing GIN eggs. Between October and December 2018, pasture, faecal and soil samples were collected on four occasions during weeks 1, 2, 4 and 8 after the deposition of faeces. In week 6, the forage legumes in all the experimental units were mown to simulate grazing. The number of L3 was quantified to determine their survival in the pasture, faeces and soil. In addition, the horizontal migration of L3 was measured at two distances from the faecal pellets (10 and 30 cm), as well as their vertical migration at two heights of the plant stems, that is, lower half and upper half. Larvae vertical migration was affected by the forage species (P < 0.001), in that bird's-foot-trefoil contained fewer larvae in the upper stratum. Bird's-foot-trefoil restricted the migration of L3 to the upper stratum of the plant, which could potentially decrease the risk of infection by intestinal nematodes in grazing sheep.

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“…This may typically limit transmission of parasites to the summer season in artic regions (Kutz et al ., 2005; Jenkins et al ., 2006; Hoberg et al ., 2008). Several studies have also shown that development rates of parasite eggs and larvae increase with temperature (Hoar et al ., 2012; Leathwick, 2013). This may increase transmission rate at higher temperatures (Kutz et al ., 2005) and may lead to higher parasite prevalence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasite prevalence increases with temperature in an avian metapopulation in northern Norway

et al. 2019

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Climate and weather conditions may have substantial effects on the ecology of both parasites and hosts in natural populations. The strength and shape of the effects of weather on parasites and hosts are likely to change as global warming affects local climate. These changes may in turn alter fundamental elements of parasite–host dynamics. We explored the influence of temperature and precipitation on parasite prevalence in a metapopulation of avian hosts in northern Norway. We also investigated if annual change in parasite prevalence was related to winter climate, as described by the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). We found that parasite prevalence increased with temperature within-years and decreased slightly with increasing precipitation. We also found that a mild winter (positive winter NAO index) was associated with higher mean parasite prevalence the following year. Our results indicate that both local and large scale weather conditions may affect the proportion of hosts that become infected by parasites in natural populations. Understanding the effect of climate and weather on parasite–host relationships in natural populations is vital in order to predict the full consequence of global warming.

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The influence of temperature on the development and survival of the pre-infective free-living stages of nematode parasites of sheep

Cited by 18 publications

References 33 publications

Parasitic fauna of Eurasian beavers (Castor fiber) in Sweden (1997–1998)

Parasitic fauna of Eurasian beavers (Castor fiber) in Sweden (1997–1998)

Effect of growing forage legumes on the migration and survival in the pasture of gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep

Parasite prevalence increases with temperature in an avian metapopulation in northern Norway

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