The Influence of Temperature on the Protein Requirement of Cage Reared Replacement Pullets

Stockland, W. L.; Blaylock, L. G.

doi:10.3382/ps.0531174

Cited by 20 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The results of Payne (1966) and Stockland and Blaylock (1974) are compatible with those of the present experiment. Payne (1966) maintained pullets at environmen- tal temperatures of 20 and 33 °C from 6 to 21 weeks of age.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 95%

“…The number of eggs laid in this period, on average, was the same in the two rearing temperatures. Stockland and Blaylock (1974) investigated 18*3, 294 °C and ambient temperature from 6 to 20 weeks of age and reported similar findings to Payne (1966). Food consumption from 20 weeks to the end of the experiment at 46 weeks was significantly less for birds kept at 294 °C during rearing.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

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Raised environmental temperature and food rationing as means of restricting growth of the replacement pullet

Cowan¹,

Michie²

1983

British Poultry Science

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1. Four rearing temperature regimes (15, 20, 25, 30 degrees C) and three feeding schedules (ad libitum, restricting to the ad libitum intake of the 12th week and feeding 70% of this rate) were carried out with layer replacement pullets to 170 d of age. From this age, during lay, birds were kept at either 21 degrees C or on a 24-h cycle of 21 for 18 h and 28 degrees C for the 6 h before lights out. Both a white and a brown egg-laying strain were used. 2. Body weight at 169 d of age varied from, on average, 1409 g (15 degrees C, ad libitum) to 943 g (30 degrees C, 70% schedule) for the white strain and 1947 to 1250 g for the same treatments respectively for the brown strain. Sexual maturity was considerably delayed by the 70% feeding schedule, only slightly by rearing at 30 degrees C. 3. Rearing at 30 degrees C tended to depress subsequent egg output. The 70% feeding schedule at least maintained egg output compared with birds fed ad libitum in rearing. 4. There was a highly significant effect of temperature treatment during lay on food intake. The reduction in food intake due to the 21-28 degrees C cycle, however, appeared small.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 95%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Raised environmental temperature and food rationing as means of restricting growth of the replacement pullet

Cowan¹,

Michie²

1983

British Poultry Science

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“…Pullet rearing protein diets did not significantly affect Haugh unit scores, eggshell thickness, and eggshell weight, and this agrees with the findings of Stockland and Blaylock (1974). A similar trend was observed regarding the effect of protein levels of the layer diets on the above parameters performance as shown in Table 7.…”

Section: Egg Production Performancesupporting

confidence: 79%

Effect of dietary protein programs on pullet development and egg production performance of local hens

Hussein¹

2002

Emir. J. Food Agric

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Abstract:The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary protein levels on pullet development and egg production performance of local hens. One hundred sixty local chicken pullets were used in this study. During the rearing period, the pullets were divided randomly at a density of 16 chicks per cage in rearing pens. During week 1, all birds were fed a starter diet containing 19% crude protein (CP). The experimental treatments consisted of two protein sequence regimens. The semi-constant protein sequence consisted of feeding the birds a 16% protein diet during weeks 2 to 14, and a 13% protein diet during weeks 15-20. The second regimen was a decreasing protein sequence (conventional method) consisting of feeding 19, 16, and 13% crude protein diets during weeks 2 through 6, 7 through 14, and 15 through 20, respectively. During the laying period, weeks 21 through 40, half of the groups in each of the protein sequence treatments were fed 19% CP and the other half 17.5% CP diets. Body weight and feed intake of the local pullets were similar in both protein sequence treatments at weeks six, fourteen, and twenty during the rearing period. During the laying period, egg production of hens fed the decreasing protein sequence during the rearing period was numerically higher than the semiconstant protein sequence at weeks 21 through 40, but not significantly different. Body weight and feed intake were not significantly affected by the dietary protein sequence. In addition, egg weight during weeks 21-24 and 29-40 was not affected by rearing diets, but hens fed the decreasing protein sequence diet had significantly (P<. 05) higher egg weight than the other rearing protein diet during weeks 25-28. The main effect of the dietary protein level in the layer diet on egg weight was significantly higher in hens fed the higher protein layer diet (19% CP) than the lower protein layer diet during weeks 21-24 and 33-40 of the laying period. The data showed that raising layer dietary levels to 19% during the laying period also increased average egg size.

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“…2, the average number of eggs produced per hen to 31 wk of age was 34 with 34 ovulations, demonstrating that differences in shell quality did not affect percent production. Stockland and Blaylock (1974) found that laying hens reared at 29.4°C laid fewer eggs from 20 to 46 wk of age than those reared at ambient room temperature.…”

Section: Egg Productionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Increasing the supply of dietary Ca prior to the expected initiation of medullary bone formation resulted in decreased eggshell quality of broiler breeder hens. Stockland and Blaylock (1974), Mueller (1961), and de Andrade (1976,1977), all reported decreased egg size in heatstressed Leghorn hens. Roland et al (1996) found that differences in egg weight due to environmental temperature were due to differences in shell weight in Leghorn hens.…”

Section: A-dmentioning

confidence: 94%

Broiler breeder egg production and quality are affected by timing of increased dietary Ca relative to photostimulation

Korver¹

2004

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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Petruk, A. and Korver, D. R. 2004. Broiler breeder egg production and quality are affected by timing of increased dietary Ca relative to photostimulation. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 84: 411-420. Ross 508 broiler breeder pullets (n = 400) were reared in floor pens in a light-tight facility with feed allocation based on breeder-recommended body weight targets. At 17 wk, 250 pullets within 15% of the mean weight were randomly assigned to individual cages in one of two environmentally controlled environments: 18°C (exp. 1, n = 125) or 28°C (exp. 2, n = 125). The pullets were photostimulated at 20 wk of age. At 2-wk intervals from 18 to 26 wk, successive groups of hens (n = 25 per environment) were switched from a 0.88% Ca grower diet to a 2.96% Ca breeder diet. Dietary treatment names were based on the time (in weeks) relative to photostimulation that the diet was changed from the grower to the breeder diet (PS -2, PS, PS + 2, PS+4, and PS + 6, respectively). The hens were killed at 31 wk of age and one leg from each hen was taken for bone mineral analysis. The birds in both experiments maintained target body weights as recommended by the primary breeder; however, the hens in exp. 2 did not consume the allotted feed for the final 2 wk of the experiment. Dietary treatment did not affect feed consumption or body weight. Overall percent hen day production was not affected by dietary treatment in either experiment. In exp. 1, hens in the PS + 4 and PS + 6 treatments produced larger eggs and hens in the PS + 4 treatment produced eggs with greater shell weights. Shell weight as a percentage of egg weight was significantly lower from the PS + 6 hens than the other dietary treatment groups. The PS + 4 treatment resulted in the highest bone Ca as a percentage of ash weight, indicating that changing the diet 4 wk after photostimulation was the optimal time to increase bone Ca reserves in that environment. In exp. 2, the PS + 6 treatment had the highest egg weight whereas birds in the PS and PS + 2 treatment groups had the highest shell weights. Percent shell was the lowest in the PS + 6 and PS + 4 treatment groups overall, although it was only significantly different until 27.4 wk of age. Ca as a percentage of bone weight was lowest in the PS + 2 and PS + 6 treatment groups and Ca as a percentage of ash was lowest in the PS + 2 treatment group. Overall, the results suggest that improper timing of increasing dietary Ca either before or too long after photostimulation decreased eggshell quality and bone characteristics. Elevated environmental temperature appeared to exacerbate these effects; therefore, the change from a low-Ca grower to a high-Ca breeder diet must be made with greater precision in hot climates. Key words:Broiler breeder, photostimulation, dietary calcium, calcium metabolism, heat stress Petruk, A. et Korver, D. R. 2004. Le moment où l'on passe à un aliment plus riche en Ca par rapport à la photostimulation influe sur la production et la qualité des oeufs de poulets de chair de reproduction. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 84: 411-...

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The Influence of Temperature on the Protein Requirement of Cage Reared Replacement Pullets

Cited by 20 publications

References 14 publications

Raised environmental temperature and food rationing as means of restricting growth of the replacement pullet

Raised environmental temperature and food rationing as means of restricting growth of the replacement pullet

Effect of dietary protein programs on pullet development and egg production performance of local hens

Broiler breeder egg production and quality are affected by timing of increased dietary Ca relative to photostimulation

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