The influence of temporal spacing on time-place discrimination

Pizzo, Matthew J.; Crystal, Jonathon D.

doi:10.3758/bf03193189

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The rats had been trained using study and test times that were separated by a small (2 min) delay. Because this delay is too small for rats to discriminate based on a circadian oscillator (Pizzo and Crystal 2004), we increased the delay between study and test to 7 hr (see Figure 1c), which is a value likely to be discriminated based on a circadian oscillator (Pizzo and Crystal 2006). Importantly, when we first introduced the long delay between study and test, the time of day at test was unfamiliar (approximately 7 hr later than usual) whereas the time of day at study was familiar from earlier training.…”

Section: Remembering the Pastmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remembering the past and planning for the future in rats

Crystal

2013

Behavioural Processes

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A growing body of research suggests that rats represent and remember specific earlier events from the past. An important criterion for validating a rodent model of episodic memory is to establish that the content of the representation is about a specific event in the past rather than vague information about remoteness. Recent evidence suggests that rats may also represent events that are anticipated to occur in the future. An important capacity afforded by a representation of the future is the ability to plan for the occurrence of a future event. However, relatively little is known about the content of represented future events and the cognitive mechanisms that may support planning. This article reviews evidence that rats remember specific earlier events from the past, represent events that are anticipated to ccur in the future, and develops criteria for validating a rodent model of future planning. These criteria include representing a specific time in the future, the ability to temporarily disengage from a plan and reactivate the plan at an appropriate time in the future, and flexibility to deploy a plan in novel conditions.

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Section: Remembering the Pastmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remembering the past and planning for the future in rats

Crystal

2013

Behavioural Processes

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“…As discussed in the introduction, there are three likely possibilities: circadian, ordinal, and a nontiming alternation strategy. (However, see Pizzo & Crystal, 2006, for an argument for the use of interval timing in some daily TPL tasks.) To determine which type of timer was being used, skip session probes were conducted.…”

Section: Memory Decisionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rats acquire a low-response-cost daily time-place task with differential amounts of food

Thorpe

Wilkie

2007

Animal Learning & Behavior

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“…Next, we used a phase shift of light onset in the colony (24,25) to determine whether the rats used time of day (i.e., circadian phase) or an interval cue (i.e., the interval since light onset) to find their second helpings (Experiment 2). Under conditions in which predictions for circadian time of day and an interval cue were dissociated, we observed revisits to the chocolate location based on circadian time of day.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for remembering when events occurred in a rodent model of episodic memory

Zhou

Crystal

2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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111

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The content of episodic memory consists of representations of unique past events. Episodic memories are grounded in a temporal framework (i.e., we remember when an event occurred). It has recently been argued that episodic-like memory in rats is qualitatively different from human episodic memory because, rather than remembering when an earlier past event occurred, rats used the cue of how long ago it occurred. We asked, therefore, whether rats remember the time of day at which they encountered a distinctive event, in addition to what occurred and where it happened. Rats were tested in the morning and afternoon, on separate days. A distinctive flavor (chocolate) was replenished at a daily-unique location at only one of these times. The interval between first and second daily opportunities to eat (study and test, respectively) was constant. Rats adjusted their revisits to the chocolate location at different times of day by using time of day rather than the cue of how long ago an event occurred. Two lines of evidence suggest that rats remembered the time at which the distinctive event occurred. First, under conditions in which the time of test (but not time of study) was novel, rats immediately transferred their knowledge of the chocolate contingency to the new test time. Second, under conditions in which predictions for study and test times were put in conflict, rats again used study time. Our results suggest that, at the time of memory assessment, rats remember when a recent episode occurred, similar to human episodic memory. P eople remember when a past event occurred within the time frame of hours, days, or years (1). It has been argued that retrieval of episodic memories is analogous to traveling back in time to experience specific events from one's personal past (2-4). An earlier definition focused on the content of episodic memory, that is, answering 3 questions about a specific event: what happened, where did it take place, and when did it transpire (5)? We refer to this type of content as what-where-when memory. Clayton and Dickinson (6) introduced the term episodic-like memory to emphasize that behavioral studies in animals evaluate the content of episodic memory rather than subjective experiences.Recent studies with nonhuman animals (6-18) suggest that animals remember specific episodes from their past (i.e., whatwhere-when memories). However, controversy has emerged about the comparability of episodic-like memory in rodents and episodic memory in humans (17). Roberts et al. (2,17) suggested that memory for when an event occurred suggests an ability akin to mentally traveling in time to locate an event within a temporal framework; such an ability would be similar to human episodic memory, in which people reconstruct past experiences using an absolute temporal dimension (1,19,20). By contrast, a judgment of how long ago an event occurred is quite different from human episodic memory. Such a judgment could also be solved by simpler alternative mechanisms (e.g., timing an interval since a distinctive event ...

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The influence of temporal spacing on time-place discrimination

Cited by 11 publications

References 21 publications

Remembering the past and planning for the future in rats

Remembering the past and planning for the future in rats

Rats acquire a low-response-cost daily time-place task with differential amounts of food

Evidence for remembering when events occurred in a rodent model of episodic memory

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