The Influence of the Addition of a Third Element on the Structure and Mechanical Properties of Transition-Metal-Based Nanostructured Hard Films: Part II—Carbides

Trindade, B.; Cavaleiro, A.; Vieira, M. Teresa

doi:10.1007/978-0-387-48756-4_8

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…The solubility of such metals in the sputtered coatings can be far higher than allowed at thermodynamical equilibrium, see e.g. [3][4][5][6], hence producing metastable phases. During annealing or under external pressures there will be a driving force for the metastable TMC coating to decompose into more stable phases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon release by selective alloying of transition metal carbides

Råsander¹,

Lewin²,

Wilhelmsson³

et al. 2011

J. Phys.: Condens. Matter

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We have performed first principles density functional theory calculations on TiC alloyed on the Ti sublattice with 3d transition metals ranging from Sc to Zn. The theory is accompanied with experimental investigations, both as regards materials synthesis as well as characterization. Our results show that by dissolving a metal with a weak ability to form carbides, the stability of the alloy is lowered and a driving force for the release of carbon from the carbide is created. During thin film growth of a metal carbide this effect will favor the formation of a nanocomposite with carbide grains in a carbon matrix. The choice of alloying elements as well as their concentrations will affect the relative amount of carbon in the carbide and in the carbon matrix. This can be used to design the structure of nanocomposites and their physical and chemical properties. One example of applications is as low-friction coatings. Of the materials studied, we suggest the late 3d transition metals as the most promising elements for this phenomenon, at least when alloying with TiC.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon release by selective alloying of transition metal carbides

Råsander¹,

Lewin²,

Wilhelmsson³

et al. 2011

J. Phys.: Condens. Matter

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“…According to the Hall-Petch relationship, grain size reduction leads to increased strength (and hardness). However, with a grain size of about 10 nm, hardness saturation occurs [249,325], as demonstrated in Figure 2-30. For coatings with columnar microstructure and the presence of voids at the grain boundaries, a decrease in hardness results [216].…”

Section: Coating Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 94%

Tribological and electrochemical corrosion behaviours of titanium nitride and chromium nitride based PVD coating systems

Feng¹

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“…Para essa rota de decomposição tem-se um ganho de energia livre, concomitante com a formação de uma fase amorfa à base de carbono, sem as limitações cinéticas características de difusão de átomos grandes na estrutura do filme.Os mecanismos acima descritos, têm sido reportados para sistemas Ti-Ni-C é W-Ni-C, onde, para temperaturas entre 400 a 600 foi observada a formação de carbono livre[58,85] e, para temperaturas acima de 600 °C é detectada a presença de fases metálicas[58,71,85,86]. Desta forma, o aumento de carbono livre através do aumento de temperatura, em serviço, permite a redução no coeficiente de atrito de peças em contato[24,58,85].Nessa linha de raciocínio, fica evidenciado que tratamentos de recozimento podem melhorar o desempenho tribológico de revestimentos NbC, abrindo a possibilidade de projetar novos revestimentos NbC -Me.Portanto, para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho é necessário o uso de materiais aplicados em processos em alta temperatura (aço ferramentas e metal duro) que sirvam de substratos para os revestimentos a serem desenvolvidos. Técnicas que permitam avaliar a estrutura, microestrutura e os estados de ligações dos elementos presentes usados para os crescimentos dos recobrimentos.…”

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Obtenção e avaliação de recobrimentos nanométricos à base de nióbio depositados por processo PVD em aço AISI M2.

Jiménez¹,

Bernardo²

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Niobium carbide (NbC) coatings doped with Nickel (Ni) were deposited by reactive DC-magnetron sputtering using methane (CH4) as carbon (C) source. Reference NbC coating was deposited with a total power of 2500 W and NbxNiyCz coatings were deposited by decreasing the power applied to the Nb target and increasing the power applied to the Nb-Ni target, giving rise to coatings with increasing Ni content. Structural and microstructural characterizations of NbC and NbxNiyCz coatings were performed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Raman Spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy (MET) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (MEV). Mechanical properties of the coatings were studied using the instrumented nanoindentation technique, in order to evaluate the Hardness (H) and Elastic modulus (E). The adhesion between coatings and substrate was evaluated using Rockwell C test and instrumented linear scratch tests. The tests for studying the thermal stability of the coatings were carried out in a controlled atmosphere chamber furnace at temperatures of 600 °C and 800 °C for 2h. Finally, the oxidation resistance of the coatings was studied by means of Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) tests of continuous and isothermal heating. The NbC and NbxNiyCz films in the as-deposited condition and annealed at 600 °C, showed good adhesion (failure mode HF1) to the AISI M2 steel substrate, indicating that the adhesion interlayer of the Cr, CrC and a gradient CrC/NbC layer was effective in avoiding adhesive failures. The increasing of Ni content in the structure of NbC coatings promoted the formation of nanocomposite structures, composed of a mixture of NbC and NiCx nanocrystallites. Additionally, the introduction of nickel allows increasing the hardness for the coatings in the as-deposited condition, from 17 to 25 GPa for Ni contents from 0 to 13 at. %, respectively, and, improving the oxidation resistance over the pure NbC coating, from 380 °C to 480 °C for the Ni-rich coatings. Finally, the thermal stability analyses showed that the NiCx precipitate decompose during the annealing treatments at 600 °C and 800 °C, which promoted an increase in the hardness and Young's modulus values for all coatings. These behaviors were attributed to the increase of crystallinity of the coatings.

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The Influence of the Addition of a Third Element on the Structure and Mechanical Properties of Transition-Metal-Based Nanostructured Hard Films: Part II—Carbides

Cited by 6 publications

References 62 publications

Carbon release by selective alloying of transition metal carbides

Carbon release by selective alloying of transition metal carbides

Tribological and electrochemical corrosion behaviours of titanium nitride and chromium nitride based PVD coating systems

Obtenção e avaliação de recobrimentos nanométricos à base de nióbio depositados por processo PVD em aço AISI M2.

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