The influence of the body mass index (BMI) on the volume of distribution of ethanol

Maudens, Kristof E.; Patteet, Lisbeth; Nuijs, Alexander L.N. van; Broekhoven, Carine Van; Neels, Hugo

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.04.036

Cited by 29 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…A simple clinical measure of obesity is given by the person's body mass index (BMI); ratio of weight to height squared (kg/m 2 ). The Widmark‐rho‐factor and the person's BMI are negatively correlated as shown in a drinking study in people with widely different BMI (Maudens et al, ). A recent evidence‐based survey of the distribution volumes of ethanol reported average values of 0.69 L/kg for men and 0.60 L/kg for women as shown in Table (Maskell et al, ).…”

Section: Pharmacokinetic Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Alcohol, its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion in the body and pharmacokinetic calculations

Jones

2019

WIREs Forensic Science

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The ethanol contained in alcoholic beverages is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and the maximum blood‐alcohol concentration (BAC) is usually reached between 10 and 60 min postdosing. Once in the bloodstream, ethanol is distributed into the total body water (TBW) compartment, which comprises ~55–60% of body weight in nonobese males and ~50–55% in females. The volume of distribution (V d) of ethanol depends on a person's age, gender, and degree of adiposity (ratio of fat to lean tissue). Studies have shown that the average V d for healthy men and women are ~0.70 and ~0.60 L/kg, respectively. Elimination of ethanol from the body occurs primarily through metabolism (92–98% of dose) by hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), an enzyme located in the liver cytosol and a microsomal enzyme, denoted CYP2E1. A small fraction (0.1–0.2%) of the dose of ethanol ingested undergoes nonoxidative metabolism by phase II conjugation reactions leading to formation of ethyl glucuronide and ethyl sulfate. Only between 2 and 10% of the dose of ethanol is excreted unchanged in urine, breath, and in sweat/perspiration. Ethanol exhibits dose‐dependent pharmacokinetics, because the hepatic ADH enzyme is saturated with substrate at BAC above 15–20 mg/100 mL (15–20 mg%). Zero‐order kinetics operate for most of the postabsorptive elimination phase and the BAC decreases at a constant rate per unit time ranging from 10 to 35 mg% per hour (average 15 mg% per hour for moderate drinkers). Examples of various pharmacokinetic calculations are presented because these are often necessary in forensic science and legal medicine casework. This article is categorized under: Toxicology > Alcohol Toxicology > Analytical Toxicology Toxicology > Drug‐Impaired Driving

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Section: Pharmacokinetic Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Alcohol, its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion in the body and pharmacokinetic calculations

Jones

2019

WIREs Forensic Science

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“…Given that BMI can affect pharmacological metabolism (Maudens, et al, 2014), we included BMI as a planned covariate.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of anxiety sensitivity and emotional symptoms with the subjective effects of alcohol, cigarettes, and cannabis in adolescents

Pang

Guillot

Zvolensky

et al. 2017

Addictive Behaviors

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Maladaptive emotional traits (anxiety sensitivity [AS], fear of anxiety-related sensations and consequences) and symptoms (major depressive disorder [MDD] and generalized anxiety disorder [GAD] symptoms) could play a role in altering sensitivity to the subjective effects of drugs of abuse in adolescents. Data were drawn from a longitudinal study of high school students in Los Angeles, CA, USA who completed surveys and reported past six-month use of alcohol (n=1054), cigarettes (n=297), or cannabis (n=706). At each of the four semi-annual waves during mid-adolescence (14–16 years old), students reported positive and negative subjective drug effects experienced in the prior six-months. Controlling for covariates and the simultaneous covariance across the three domains of emotional dysfunction, AS was associated with more positive and negative cannabis effects (βs=.09–.16, ps<.05), and MDD symptoms were associated with fewer negative cigarette effects (β= −.13, p=.04) and more negative cannabis effects (β=.10, p=.004). The acceleration of positive alcohol and cannabis effects over time was slower among adolescents with higher baseline MDD (MDD × time: β= −.04, p=.044) and GAD (GAD × time: β= −.05, p=.03) symptoms, respectively. These findings suggest that emotional dysfunction factors show differential and overlapping effects on subjective drug effects, which may vary across time. Future research should investigate emotional dysfunctions and subjective drug effects in relation to substance use across adolescence and emerging adulthood.

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“…Because HIV is associated with lower body mass index (BMI) (20, 25), and blood alcohol concentrations are impacted by volume of distribution and inversely associated with BMI, we examined whether BMI mediates the relationship between HIV and number of drinks to feel a buzz (26). BMI was calculated based on height and weight measurements collected as part of routine clinical care and documented in the electronic medical record during the clinic visit closest to the corresponding survey.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Number of Drinks to “Feel a Buzz” by HIV Status and Viral Load in Men

et al. 2015

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The impact of HIV and its treatment on the effects of alcohol remain unclear. Blood alcohol concentrations have been noted to be higher in HIV infected individuals prior to antiretroviral initiation. Our goal was to compare number of drinks to “feel a buzz or high” among HIV infected and uninfected men, stratified by viral load (VL) suppression. Data includes 1,478 HIV infected and 1,170 uninfected men in the Veterans Aging Cohort Study who endorsed current drinking. Mean (SD) number of drinks to feel a buzz was 3.1 (1.7) overall. In multivariable analyses, HIV infected men reported a lower mean number of drinks to feel a buzz compared to uninfected men (coef = −0.14 for VL<500; −0.34 for VL>500; p<.05). Men with HIV, especially those with a detectable viral load, reported fewer drinks to feel a buzz. Future research on the relationship between alcohol and HIV should consider the role of VL suppression.

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The influence of the body mass index (BMI) on the volume of distribution of ethanol

Cited by 29 publications

References 9 publications

Alcohol, its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion in the body and pharmacokinetic calculations

Alcohol, its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion in the body and pharmacokinetic calculations

Associations of anxiety sensitivity and emotional symptoms with the subjective effects of alcohol, cigarettes, and cannabis in adolescents

Number of Drinks to “Feel a Buzz” by HIV Status and Viral Load in Men

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