The influence of the cerebellum on experimental epilepsy

Dow, Robert S.; Fernández-Guardiola, Augusto; Manni, E

doi:10.1016/0013-4694(62)90115-3

Cited by 191 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…For example, electrical stimulation of the cerebellum was found to inhibit a cortical epileptic focus induced by topical application of cobalt (40). Purkinje cell firing was inhibited during cortical seizures and accelerated in the interictal periods (41,42).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vagus Nerve Prolonged Stimulation in Cats: Effects on Epileptogenesis (Amygdala Electrical Kindling): Behavioral and Electrographic Changes

Fernández-Guardiola¹,

Martínez²,

Valdés-Cruz³

et al. 1999

Epilepsia

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Summary: Purpose:To analyze the effect of prolonged (daily) electrical vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) on daily amygdaloid kindling (AK) in freely moving cats.Methods: Fifteen adult male cats were implanted in both temporal lobe amygdalae, both lateral geniculate bodies, and prefrontal cortices. A bipolar hook (5-mrn separation) stainless steel electrode also was implanted in the unsectioned left vagus nerve. AK only was performed on five of the cats as a control. The remaining 10 cats were recorded under the following experimental conditions: VNS (1.2-2.0 mA, 0.5-ms pulses, 30 Hz) for 1 min along with AK (I-s train, 1 -ms pulses, 60 Hz, 300-600 PA), followed by VNS alone for 1 min, four times between I1:OO a.m. and 2 p.m. At different times, VNS was arrested, and AK was continued until stage VI kindling was reached.Results: The behavioral changes evoked by VNS were as follows: left miosis, blinking, licking, abdominal contractions, swallowing, and eventually yawning, meowing, upward gaze, and short head movements. Compulsive eating also was present with a variable latency. Outstanding polygraphic changes consisted of augmentation of eye movements and visual evoked potentials while the animal was awake and quiet, with immobility and upward gaze. An increase of the pontogeniculooccipital (PGO) wave density in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep also was noticeable. AK was completed (to stage VI) in the control animals without a vagus nerve implantation in 23.4 & 3.7 trials. In animals with VNS, the AK was significantly delayed, remaining for a long time in the behavioral stages and showing a reduction of afterdischarge duration and frequency. Stage VI was never reached despite 50 AK trials, except when the vagus nerve electrodes were accidentally broken or vagal stimulation was intentioilally arrested. Under these circumstances, 24.4 8.16 AK trials alone were necessary to reach stage VI of kindling.Conclusions: Our results indicate that left, electrical VNS interferes with AK epileptogenesis. This anticonvulsant effect could be related to the increase of REM sleep.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vagus Nerve Prolonged Stimulation in Cats: Effects on Epileptogenesis (Amygdala Electrical Kindling): Behavioral and Electrographic Changes

Fernández-Guardiola¹,

Martínez²,

Valdés-Cruz³

et al. 1999

Epilepsia

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“…In an attempt to summarize the results of these series, Krauss and Koubeissi 34 found that a total of 36 patients had been reported to have undergone cortical CS for their epilepsy. 4,14 The seizure frequency was found to be reduced in 33 (91.6%) of the 36 patients, whereas 12 (33.3%) had become seizure free.…”

Section: Human Clinical Studiesmentioning

confidence: 92%

Cerebellar stimulation in the management of medically intractable epilepsy: a systematic and critical review

Fountas¹,

Kapsalaki²,

Hadjigeorgiou

2010

FOC

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Object The wide application of deep brain stimulation in the management of movement as well as other degenerative neurological and psychiatric disorders has renewed the interest in using deep brain stimulation in the management of medically intractable epilepsy. Various stimulation targets have been used with significantly varying results in aborting seizure activity. Electrical cerebellar stimulation (CS) has been used for more than 50 years in the management of epilepsy, with conflicting results. In the current study, the authors review the pertinent literature to outline the role of CS in the management of medically refractory epilepsy. Methods The PubMed medical database was systematically searched for the following terms: “cerebellar,” “epilepsy,” “stimulation,” and “treatment,” and all their combinations. Case reports were excluded from this study. Results The pertinent articles were categorized into 2 large groups: animal experimental and human clinical studies. Particular emphasis on the following aspects was given when reviewing the human clinical studies: their methodological characteristics, the number of participants, their seizure types, the implantation technique and its associated complications, the exact stimulation target, the stimulation technique, the seizure outcome, and the patients' psychological and social poststimulation status. Three clinical double-blind studies were found, with similar implantation surgical technique, stimulation target, and stimulation parameters, but quite contradictory results. Two of these studies failed to demonstrate any significant seizure reduction, whereas the third one showed a significant poststimulation decrease in seizure frequency. All possible factors responsible for these differences in the findings are analyzed in the present study. Conclusions Cerebellar stimulation seems to remain a stimulation target worth exploring for defining its potential in the treatment of medically intractable epilepsy, although the data from the double-blind clinical studies that were performed failed to establish a clear benefit in regard to seizure frequency. A large-scale, double-blind clinical study is required for accurately defining the efficacy of CS in epilepsy treatment.

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“…Furthermore, ablation of the cerebellum results in an appreciable enhancement of epileptiform activity in these rostral systems (Dow, 1974;Dow, Fernandez-Guardiola, & Manni, 1962). These findings indicate that cerebellar networks can exert modulating influences over the excitability not only of cerebral cortical motor systems, but also of limbic structures that are not historically associated with motor function.…”

Section: Fastigioumblc Projections and The Integration Of Motivationamentioning

confidence: 93%

The paleocerebellum and the integration of behavioral function

1982

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The role of the cerebellum in motor function is well documented. Additional data clearly im· plicate the cerebellum in the regulation of sensory processes and autonomic functions, and more recent findings establish an influence of cerebellar systems on the regulation of emotional and motivational behaviors. The cerebellum provides extensive projections to brain· stem and limbic mechanisms that have been implicated in behavioral regulation, and experimen· tal manipulations of the cerebellum have been found to profoundly affect behavioral processes. In the present paper, w~ review some of these findings and offer a conceptual view of cerebellar function that reconciles these apparently disparate actions. We suggest that the cerebellum exerts functionally similar influences at all levels of sensorimotor and behavioral orga· nization. This model provides a conceptual framework for understanding the behavioral consequences of cerebellar dysfunctions, which we suggest can be viewed as behavioral parallels to the classical cerebellar motor syndromes. Data implicating cerebellar systems in the pathogenesis of developmental disturbances in behavioral processes are also considered in the con· text of the present conception of cerebellar·behavioral function.

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The influence of the cerebellum on experimental epilepsy

Cited by 191 publications

References 22 publications

Vagus Nerve Prolonged Stimulation in Cats: Effects on Epileptogenesis (Amygdala Electrical Kindling): Behavioral and Electrographic Changes

Vagus Nerve Prolonged Stimulation in Cats: Effects on Epileptogenesis (Amygdala Electrical Kindling): Behavioral and Electrographic Changes

Cerebellar stimulation in the management of medically intractable epilepsy: a systematic and critical review

The paleocerebellum and the integration of behavioral function

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