The Influence of the Golden Ratio on the Erythrocyte

Purnell, Marcy C; Ramsey, Risa

doi:10.5772/intechopen.83682

Cited by 3 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 50 publications

(53 reference statements)

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“…The magnetic shift or change in attraction to "like likes like" appears to create an exclusion zone (EZ water) adjacent to the membrane that is a negatively charged crystalline structure or what we have termed biochloride (BCl−) while the cations continue to reside in the free/bulk water zone (Figure 5) [22]. While ion differential flows across the membranes in most cells, the red blood cell is a torus and carries the differential on the surface of this torus thereby facilitating plasma flow [12,23]. The diamagnetic chloride is known to play a significant role in the flow of Band3/AE1 anion exchange while the cations reside outside the negative membrane surface in the Stern layer [12,23].…”

Section: Dielectrophoretic Electromagnetic Field Induced Effects On K...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While ion differential flows across the membranes in most cells, the red blood cell is a torus and carries the differential on the surface of this torus thereby facilitating plasma flow [12,23]. The diamagnetic chloride is known to play a significant role in the flow of Band3/AE1 anion exchange while the cations reside outside the negative membrane surface in the Stern layer [12,23].…”

Section: Dielectrophoretic Electromagnetic Field Induced Effects On K...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One known effect of an increase in viscous forces is the ability to conduct negative work (drop in fluid pressure along the flow path) on the fluid, reducing its macroscopic mechanical energy while increasing the internal energy (microscopic kinetic/molecular ionic potential energy) and resulting in a slight increase in temperature [4]. Since pressure is a measure of fluid mechanical energy per unit [12,23].…”

Section: Kinematic Viscosity Induced Effect On Pressure Kinetic Bio-e...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Might this non-uniform 2.5 ampere DEP EMF driven increase in kinematic viscosity offer a Bernoulli effect/ conservation of energy (via increased kinematic viscosity➔ increased averaged velocity ➔ decreased pressure) in biological systems? Could this also have implications for membrane flow, plasma flow, blood pressure regulation and temperature control in the living organisms [9,12,23]?…”

Section: Diamagnetic Anisotropy Is Seen Here Where the Diamagnetic Ch...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Dr. Pollack and EZ water (fourth phase) can be seen to function as a battery [22]. There have also been additional studies that suggest this structured or EZ water may increase the magnetic property or diamagnetism of the chloride ion and significantly modulate chloride ion channels both across the membranes and on the surface of red blood cells [9,[11][12][13]23]. As stated earlier, chloride is a diamagnetic ion (that displays dielectric properties) that is both repelled and driven by the magnetic field.…”

Section: Diamagnetic Anisotropy Is Seen Here Where the Diamagnetic Ch...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Influence of a Diamagnetic Copper Induced Field on Ion Flow and the Bernoulli Effect in Biological Systems

Purnell¹

2022

Applications of Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation and Modeling

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The Bernoulli Effect describes the principle of conservation of energy that optimizes pressure and motion in fluid flow and may be applied to fluid dynamics in vascular arterial and cellular membrane flow. One mechanism that is known to influence fluid flow that has not been included in the Bernoulli Effect equations is viscosity or resistance to flow. To date the liquid phase of matter with regards to the relationship between viscosity, pressure and flow is the least well understood of all phases. Recent cellular studies suggest that a diamagnetic copper influenced dielectrophoretic electromagnetic field may induce a Bernoulli Effect within biological systems. The data presented here suggests that an increased viscosity via this copper influenced dielectrophoretic electromagnetic field may significantly contribute to this Bernoulli Effect or conservation of energy while positively impacting cellular health and function via both kinetic and potential bio-energy influences in biological systems.

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Section: Dielectrophoretic Electromagnetic Field Induced Effects On K...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dielectrophoretic Electromagnetic Field Induced Effects On K...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Kinematic Viscosity Induced Effect On Pressure Kinetic Bio-e...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Diamagnetic Anisotropy Is Seen Here Where the Diamagnetic Ch...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Diamagnetic Anisotropy Is Seen Here Where the Diamagnetic Ch...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Influence of a Diamagnetic Copper Induced Field on Ion Flow and the Bernoulli Effect in Biological Systems

Purnell¹

2022

Applications of Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation and Modeling

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Electromagnetism, Blood Flow and Coagulation

Beraia¹,

Beraia²

2022

JBiSE

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There is a lot of uncertainty in the theory of hemodynamics. The amount of work need to displace the blood in the systemic circulation, exceeds the work done by the left ventricle. With this, blood recovers increased flow resistance between the heartbeats with the Womersley number alterations in the rhythm of the accompanying electrocardiogram (ECG). Viscoelastic transformation is heavily expressed in coagulation. There must be a relationship between the ECG and blood transient flow resistance. The influence of the electromagnetic field on blood coagulation was studied. Venous blood was affected by the oscillated electromagnetic field (500 -5000 Hz), with the square wave input signal in 25 healthy individuals (15 males, 10 females in the age 18 -57 years). Electromagnetic irradiation (EMI) time of the sample 3 -10 min. Hypocoagulation in normal blood samples was revealed (decreased quantity of Platelets up to 10 -23 × 10 9 /L, Prothrombin index up to 9% -10%, Fibrinogen concentration up to 0.20 -0.21 g/L) and thrombolysis after the blood stasis. Ac electric field from the myocardial depolarization initiates electroacoustic phenomena. An emerging repulsing electromagnetic force acts on the red blood cells (RBC) and in addition to the pulse pressure from the heart, promotes blood motion and viscoelastic changes. The alterations of the blood inertial and elasticity, in addition to hemodynamics, are facilitated by the magnetic features of the hemoglobin. The external electromagnetic signal can manage the blood coagulation process, including thrombolysis.

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Electromagnetism - Properties of Erythrocytes

Beraia,

Beraia

2024

GJHS

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At the onset of blood flow, red blood cells (RBCs) align along the central plane of the vessels. In capillaries, RBCs transform from a biconcave disk into a parachute shape. As blood transitions from the arterial to the venous end, the hemoglobin in erythrocytes alters its magnetic susceptibility. Within approximately 0.6-0.8 seconds, oxygen is displaced from RBCs through diffusion. This study explores the fundamentals and interconnections of these processes. Blood samples from 35 different healthy individuals were analyzed. The research examined magnetic field induction in ferromagnetic toroids, formed by the alternative electric field with a square wave signal, and studied the AC in the secondary coil - a tube filled with blood. This study discusses the impact of RBC geometry and hemoglobin allosteric transitions on electric signal generation and its relevance to cellular metabolic activity in the body. The findings suggest that the AC field, originating from the heart's rotational dipole, can generate a magnetic field in RBCs, facilitating the allosteric transformations of hemoglobin. Hemoglobin's thermoelastic expansion and magnetostriction cause biconcave membrane oscillations at ultrasound frequencies. The resulting electroacoustic wave rotates charges at the cell's z-potential area, aids RBC migration into the flow plane, and enhances trans capillary diffusion of substances. An electroacoustic standing wave emerges between the oscillating RBCs, coinciding with the wavenumber of externally penetrating infrared light. The synergic influence on hemoglobin in capillaries causes the RBC membrane to create a temporally frequency-modulated wave, carrying resonance molecular frequencies. This wave regulates biochemical processes within and outside body cells.

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The Influence of the Golden Ratio on the Erythrocyte

Cited by 3 publications

References 50 publications

The Influence of a Diamagnetic Copper Induced Field on Ion Flow and the Bernoulli Effect in Biological Systems

The Influence of a Diamagnetic Copper Induced Field on Ion Flow and the Bernoulli Effect in Biological Systems

Electromagnetism, Blood Flow and Coagulation

Electromagnetism - Properties of Erythrocytes

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