The influence of the gut microflora and of dietary fibre on epithelial cell migration in the chick intestine

Rolls, B. A.; Turvey, A.; Coates, Michael I.

doi:10.1079/bjn19780015

Cited by 54 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The addition of wheat bran to a diet had no effect on the rate of renewal of intestinal epithelium in conventional and germ-free chicks (Rolls et al 1978 More recently Tasaki and Sakwai (1969), showed that the relationship between urinary nitrogen and nitrogen intake of cockerels is curvilinear; the same relationship was found for urinary energy. ln presenting a theoretical basis for extending the TME bioassay methodology to minerals, Sibbald (1982) Returning to the possible effects of diet on F-E + U.E, Shires et al (1919) (1919) and Kessler and Thomas (19'f 9) support this conclusion.…”

Section: Metabolic Plus Endogenous Energymentioning

confidence: 59%

Measurement of Bioavailable Energy in Poultry Feedingstuffs: A Review

Sibbald¹

1982

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

114

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The importance of knowing the bioavailable energy (BE) content of poultry feedingstuffs is discussed in terms of economics, feed intake and the environment. The partition of ingested dietary energy is described and the effects of nutrient intake and of the microflora of the alimentary canal are outlined. Indirect biological, physical and chemical assays for BE are described and appraised. Procedures common to several direct bioassays for BE are discussed and points to consider in choosing between total excreta collection and the use of an indicator are presented. Assays for digestible energy, apparent metabolizable energy, true metabolizable energy and net energy are described. Variables affecting estimates of BE such as bird type, assay environment, assay diet and intake, assay design, the nitrogen correction, and metabolic plus endogenous losses are considered and a bioassay is recommended. The review concludes with brief speculation about future developments in the field of feedingstuff evaluation. Key words: Review, Energy, Assays, Methodology, Bioavailable

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Section: Metabolic Plus Endogenous Energymentioning

confidence: 59%

Measurement of Bioavailable Energy in Poultry Feedingstuffs: A Review

Sibbald¹

1982

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

114

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“…The suggested explanation was that in the jejunum the presence of micro-organisms results in increased turnover of epithelial cells (Rolls et al 1978) and in the liver of CV birds there is greater activity due to the need to metabolize bacterial end-products. Skeletal muscle is not in close association with micro-organisms, so it seemed important to the better understanding of host-microflora interrelations to investigate whether or not the presence of the gut microflora affects muscle protein turnover.…”

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confidence: 99%

Protein turnover of breast muscle in germ-free and conventional chicks

Muramatsu¹,

Salter²,

Coates³

1985

Br J Nutr

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1. The effect of the gut microflora on protein turnover in pectoral muscle (M. pectoralis profundus) was studied by means of dietary infusion of ~-[UJ~C]phenylalanine and of massive dose injection of ~-[4-~H]phenylalanine in chicks fed on a semi-purified casein-gelatin (SCG) diet until 19 d of age, and in those subsequently given either a nitrogen-free (NF) diet or N F supplemented with methionine and arginine (MA) for a further 9 d.2. Time-course changes in radioactivity released in expired carbon dioxide during the 8 h infusion period showed that isotopic equilibrium was reached in 4 h with the SCG diet and in 5 h with the MA diet. However, with the protein-deprived chicks given the N F diet, isotopic equilibrium was not achieved since radioactivity in CO, increased linearly throughout.3. On feeding the NF diet, fractional protein synthesis rate and the absolute amount of protein synthesized in chick breast muscle were reduced. These reductions were partially alleviated by supplementing the N F diet with methionine and arginine.4. The fractional degradation rate of breast muscle was increased in chicks given the NF diet, while the absolute amount of protein degraded was decreased. The addition of methionine and arginine counteracted these changes brought about by protein starvation.5. Generally speaking, the presence of the gut microflora had little, if any, effect on protein turnover rate in chick-breast muscle.

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“…On the contrary, Shurson et al (1990) reported that germ-free pigs had longer ileal and duodenal villi but shorter jejunal villi compared to their conventional counterparts. In the germ-free chicken (Rolls et al, 1978) and rodents (Komai and Kimura, 1979;Ishikawa et al, 1986;Meslin et al, 1992) villus length was reported to decrease progressively along the small intestine from the duodenum to the distal ileum. This regional response was suggested to be the result of regional variation in microbial species diversity and abundance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postnatal morphological development and production of short-chain fatty acids in the digestive tract of gnotobiotic piglets

Gancarčíková¹,

Buleca²,

Žitňan³

et al. 2009

Vet. Med. - Czech

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ABSTRACT:The present study examined the impact of Enterococcus faecium on morphological development and production of short-chain fatty acids in the digestive tract of gnotobiotic piglets during milk nutrition and weaning. The experiment was carried out on (18) gnotobiotic piglets. The piglets were non-colostral and the feeding ration consisted of autoclaved milk substitute (Sanolac Ferkel, Germany). From the first day of life a probiotic strain of Enterococcus faecium was administered continually at a dose of 2 ml of inoculum (1 ml contained 1 × 10 4 CFU).The animals were weaned on Day 28. Gastrointestinal tract was collected from 18 gnotobiotic piglets slaughtered at three hours after birth and at the age of 2, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days. The level of short-chain fatty acids was determined in the contents of jejunum, ileum and colon. Samples of intestinal mucosa (from duodenum, jejunum and ileum) were subjected to morphological analysis. We characterized regional variations in morphological and functional responses of the small intestine. The jejunal part of the intestinal tract of gnotobiotic piglets was characterized by relatively short crypts, extremely long villi and narrow lamina propria which contained only few cells up to Day 14 of life. Morphological examination showed that jejunal and ileal villi were significantly lower at 21 days of age (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001, resp.). Depending on age, the concentration of both acetoacetic acid and acetic acid was higher in the jejunal contents. The difference was significant on Day 7 of age (P < 0.05) for acetoacetic acid and on Day 28 of age (P < 0.01) for acetic acid. The concentration of acetic acid in the colonal content of gnotobiotic piglets was significantly higher on Day 7 (P < 0.05) and 21 of age (P < 0.01). The study demonstrated that the respective bacterial species affected differently the intestinal morphology and concentration of short-chain fatty acids and suggested that postnatal bacterial colonization patterns may have long-term effects on intestinal health and development.

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The influence of the gut microflora and of dietary fibre on epithelial cell migration in the chick intestine

Cited by 54 publications

References 8 publications

Measurement of Bioavailable Energy in Poultry Feedingstuffs: A Review

Measurement of Bioavailable Energy in Poultry Feedingstuffs: A Review

Protein turnover of breast muscle in germ-free and conventional chicks

Postnatal morphological development and production of short-chain fatty acids in the digestive tract of gnotobiotic piglets

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