The influence of the metacarpophalangeal joint angle on the transversal area          and mean echogenicity of the superficial digital flexor tendon and suspensory ligament in          gaited horses

Schade, Jackson; Souza, Anderson Fernando de; Vincensi, Lorenzo Costa; Fonteque, Joandes Henrique

doi:10.1294/jes.32.135

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The equine limb behaves like a large system of springs due to the extension of the metacarpophalangeal joint and the elastic recoil in tendons [63,64]; specifically, the SDFT is specialized in storing elastic energy [65]. It has been observed that the conformation of a horse's hoof may be related to predisposition for certain tendon defects [66,67]. Angular hoof defects can influence how a horse distributes its weight when bearing weight, affec-ting the load on associated tendons and ligaments, thus increasing its susceptibility to injuries [36,68,69].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Excessive development of the SDFT could affect how a horse places its limbs during movements, which could influence their weight bearing and, in turn, contribute to certain inward hoof deviation defects. Additionally, Shade et al [67] determined a correlation of −0.26 between static and dynamic angles of the metacarpophalangeal joint and the SDFT in Campeiro and Mangalarga Marchador horses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Orthopedic Diseases in the Pura Raza Española Horse: The Prevalence and Genetic Parameters of Angular Hoof Deviations

Ripollés-Lobo,

Perdomo-González,

Azor

et al. 2023

Animals

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Abnormalities in hoof shape are usually connected with limb conformation defects. The role of angular hoof deviations is important for longevity in sports competitions and is increasingly recognized as a factor associated with lameness in performance horses. In this paper, we measured the prevalence of four defects related to the angulation of the hoof in the Pura Raza Española horse (PRE): splay-footed forelimb (SFF), pigeon-toed forelimb (PTF), splay-footed rear limb (SFR), and pigeon-toed rear limb (PTR). A total of 51,134 animals were studied, of which only 15.75% did not have any of the four angular hoof defects investigated, while 26.61%, 23.76%, 79.53%, and 3.86% presented SFF, PTF, SFR, and PTR, respectively. Angular defects were evaluated using two different models; model A was a linear scale composed of three categories, where 0 corresponded to the absence of defects, 1 to a minor presence of the defect and 2 to the highest degree of the defect. Model B was composed of two categories, where 0 corresponded to the absence of defects and 1 to the presence of defects, joining classes 1 and 2. We measured the factors influencing the appearance of these defects: age, inbreeding coefficient, sex, and birth stud size. The heritability of each defect was also estimated using a multivariate animal model, using the Gibbsf90+ software from the BLUPF90 family, resulting in heritability estimates of 0.18 (s.d. = 0.009), 0.20 (s.d. = 0.010), 0.11 (s.d. = 0.009), and 0.31 (s.d. = 0.010) for SFF, PTF, SFR, and PTR defects, respectively, for model A, and 0.17 (s.d. = 0.008), 0.19 (s.d. = 0.009), 0.11 (s.d. = 0.009), and 0.29 (s.d. = 0.009) for SFF, PTF, SFR, and PTR defects, respectively, for model B. Finally, the genetic correlation between the diameter of the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) and the proportionality index (PI) in relation to the higher or lower prevalence of the defects was analyzed. We concluded that diameter of SDFT development is strongly correlated with inward toe conditions (PTF, PTR; P≠0 ≥ 0.95), while PI is associated with outward toe defects (SFF, SFR; P≠0 ≥ 0.95).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orthopedic Diseases in the Pura Raza Española Horse: The Prevalence and Genetic Parameters of Angular Hoof Deviations

Ripollés-Lobo,

Perdomo-González,

Azor

et al. 2023

Animals

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“…Open Sci. 10: 230358 between the metapodials and the proximal phalanx of the fetlock joint, which is approximately 165-155 degrees in a resting stance (see electronic supplementary material, figure S2c), can reach 120-90 degrees in intermediate-speed to fast gaits [20][21][22][23][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57] (see electronic supplementary material, figure S3). Early tridactyl equids (i.e.…”

Section: Laetoli Fossil Horse Footprintsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hippariontracks and horses' toes: the evolution of the equid single hoof

et al. 2023

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The traditional story of the evolution of the horse (family Equidae) has been in large part about the evolution of their feet. How did modern horses come to have a single toe (digit III), with the hoof bearing a characteristic V-shaped keratinous frog on the sole, and what happened to the other digits? While it has long been known that the proximal portions of digits II and IV are retained as the splint bones, a recent hypothesis suggested that the distal portion of these digits have also been retained as part of the frog, drawing upon the famous Laetoli footprints of the tridactyl (three-toed) equid Hipparion as part of the evidence. We show here that, while there is good anatomical and embryological evidence for the proximal portions of all the accessory digits (i.e. I and V, as well as II and IV) being retained in the feet of modern horses, evidence is lacking for the retention of any distal portions of these digits. There is also good ichnological evidence that many tridactyl equids possessed a frog, and that the frog has been part of the equid foot for much of equid evolutionary history.

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The influence of the metacarpophalangeal joint angle on the transversal area and mean echogenicity of the superficial digital flexor tendon and suspensory ligament in gaited horses

Cited by 2 publications

References 25 publications

Orthopedic Diseases in the Pura Raza Española Horse: The Prevalence and Genetic Parameters of Angular Hoof Deviations

Orthopedic Diseases in the Pura Raza Española Horse: The Prevalence and Genetic Parameters of Angular Hoof Deviations

Hippariontracks and horses' toes: the evolution of the equid single hoof

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