The influence of the natural environment on the transformation of architectural style

Abstract

The article explores the phenomenon of the architecture style transformation with a radical change in the natural environment. By the example of two pairs of objects of the same style – objects of Northern National Romanticism in Finland and China and objects of the “Moscow pattern work” in Russia and France, the non-identity of the their architecture perception is argued with the general preservation of the defining signs of style – severe stone forms of northern national romanticism in dense Helsinki's urban development is perceived differently than similar forms of northern national romanticism among the exotic greenery of the coastal city of Qingdao, just as finely detailed forms of the Moscow Orthodox churches are perceived differently than similar forms among the palms of Nice. Another aspect is associated with a change in the ideological perception of the style of architecture when it is transferred to the territory of another country. Thus, Northern National Romanticism was perceived by Finland and the Baltic countries as the style of their national identity, therefore, it clearly expressed those elements and plots that just expressed the national identity of the countries under the rule of the Russian Empire. The same style, embodied in the representative buildings of Qingdao, primarily the governor's residence, expressed a different ideology: Qingdao was the military base of the navy, therefore Northern National Romanticism in this case expressed the nationality and dominance of Germany. At the same time, as you move away from the center of origin, each style invariably transforms as a result of multiple local layers, therefore, with all the grandeur of the appearance of the residence, it does not look as monumental as similar buildings in Finland or the Baltic countries due to the influence of Chinese traditions in polychrome and decor and placement in a different natural environment.

China’s Traditional Housing Types: Evolution and Diversity

“…[9]. З останніх публікацій виділяються роботи Лі Шуань та Ю.Івашко [5,6,7], присвячені модерну, його трансформаціям та взаємовпливу з європейськими країнами, Чан Пен [10,18] Особливості архітектури Китаю зробили поняття сихеюань ключовим у створенні будь-якого ансамблю в поселенні. Схема цього будинку дійсно стала основою як подальшого розвитку інших типів як жила, так і храмових комплексів, монастирів, адміністративних комплексів, імператорських палаців, а також сільських і міських поселень.…”

"Official" and "private" parks of the XVIII–XIX centuries through the prism of general landscape trends of the time

“…Since the period under study in the Russian Empire is associated with the spread of the so-called "Anglo-Chinese" landscape park, sources on traditional Chinese gardens were includedsuch as publications by Ivashko Y., Chang P., Dmytrenko A., Kozłowski T., Mykhailovskyi D. [3], Ivashko Y., Chernyshev D., Chang P. [5], Ivashko Y., Kuśnierz-Krupa D., Chang P. [6], Ivashko Y., Kuzmenko T., Li S., Chang P. [7], Orlenko M., Dyomin М., Ivashko Y., Dmytrenko A., Chang P. [9], Orlenko M., Ivashko Y., Chang P., Ding Y., Krupa M., Kuśnierz K., Sandu I.G. [10], Żychowska, M., Ivashko Y., Chang P., Dmytrenko A., Kulichenko N., Xin Mu Z.…”

Sokyryntsi Park as the embodiment of the "double life" of the Galagan family

“…For this purpose, the publications of Y. Ivashko, P. Chang, A. Dmytrenko, T. Kozłowski, D. Mykhailovskyi [3], Y. Ivashko, D. Chernyshev, P. Chang [4], Y. Ivashko, D. Kuśnierz-Krupa, P. Chang [5], Y. Ivashko, T. Kuzmenko, S. Li, P. Chang [6], M. Orlenko, M. Dyomin, Y. Ivashko, A. Dmytrenko, P. Chang [9], M. Orlenko, Y. Ivashko, P. Chang, Y. Ding, M. Krupa, K. Kuśnierz, I.G. Sandu [11], M. Żychowska, Y. Ivashko, P. Chang, A. Dmytrenko, N. Kulichenko, Z. Xin Mu [18] were used.…”