The influence of the pericellular microenvironment on the chondrocyte response to osmotic challenge

Hing, WA; Sherwin, A.F; Ross, Jacqueline M.; Poole, CA

doi:10.1053/joca.2002.0517

Cited by 73 publications

(63 citation statements)

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“…Similarly endothelial cells forming the lining of blood vessels experience deformation through a combination of fluid shear and circumferential mechanical stretch of the tissue [15]. In addition, changes in extracellular osmotic pressures may trigger cell deformation in the form of volumetric changes [13,21,34]. Clearly, a range of different loading parameters and in vitro cell based model systems are therefore required to investigate physiological deformation in different cell types.…”

Section: Mechanical Loading Systems For the Study Of Cell Deformationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of course 3D imaging is not essential if the cell can be considered symmetrical in the z plane. Hence for spherical cells, such as isolated chondrocytes subjected to hyper-or hypoosmotic cell deformation, the cell volume can be estimated from measurements of cell diameter (D) or area (A) made from brightfield or 2D confocal images bisecting the centre of the cell [34] (Eq. (4)).…”

Section: Confocal Microscopy For Quantification Of 3d Cell Deformationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biomechanical analysis of structural deformation in living cells

Bader

Knight

2008

Med Biol Eng Comput

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Most tissues are subject to some form of physiological mechanical loading which results in deformation of the cells triggering intracellular mechanotransduction pathways. This response to loading is generally essential for the health of the tissue, although more pronounced deformation may result in cell and tissue damage. In order to determine the biological response of cells to loading it is necessary to understand how cells and intracellular structures deform. This paper reviews the various loading systems that have been adopted for studying cell deformation both in situ within tissue explants and in isolated cell culture systems. In particular it describes loading systems which facilitate visualisation and subsequent quantification of cell deformation. The review also describes the associated microscopy and image analysis techniques. The review focuses on deformation of chondrocytes with additional information on a variety of other cell types including neurons, red blood cells, epithelial cells and skin and muscle cells.

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Section: Mechanical Loading Systems For the Study Of Cell Deformationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Confocal Microscopy For Quantification Of 3d Cell Deformationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomechanical analysis of structural deformation in living cells

Bader

Knight

2008

Med Biol Eng Comput

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“…In particular, it is known that the PCM surrounding the chondrocyte organizes and constructs collagen fibrils ] regulates cellular osmolarity [Hing et al 2002] and modulates growth factor interactions with the enclosed cell [Ruoslahti and Yamaguchi 1991]. The mechanical properties of the PCM are known to differ from the larger territorial and interterritorial matrices inside the cartilage tissue and are approximately 10-fold greater in stiffness than the enclosed chondrocyte [Guilak et al 1999;Guilak and Mow 2000;Alexopoulos et al 2003;Alexopoulos et al 2005b;Alexopoulos et al 2005a].…”

Section: Cellular Microenvironmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micromechanical properties of chondrocytes and chondrons: relevance to articular cartilage tissue engineering

Ofek

Athanasiou

2007

JOMMS

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Articular cartilage is a highly mechanical tissue, performing multiple functions to ensure proper joint movement. Degradation of this tissue may be due to improper loading conditions that lead to a debilitating condition known as osteoarthritis. Furthermore, it is believed that mechanical signals transmitted from the tissue to cellular levels are necessary for the production of essential extracellular matrix components responsible for cartilage viability. Examinations of the tissue on its most rudimentary level elucidate mechanical regimens related to cartilage health and disease. A fundamental unit approach has been employed to study the biomechanical properties of single cells with discrete pericellular and extracellular matrix layers. This approach enables researchers to develop definitive relationships between mechanical stimulation and changes in gene expression corresponding to regenerative or catabolic processes. The knowledge gained from these studies sheds light on the etiology of osteoarthritis and elucidate the mechanical loading regimens useful for promoting articular cartilage health. This review article discusses the micromechanical environment of the cartilage cell, the chondrocyte, and the mechanical models and experimental techniques utilized to examine its physical characteristics. This information is then related to changes in cellular behavior and its potential toward tissue engineering of articular cartilage.

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“…Chondrons, which are composed of a chondrocyte and its surrounding PCM or microenvironment, are the basic anatomical, functional, and metabolic unit of cartilage (Poole et al 1987;Poole 1997). The physical properties of chondrons, such as mechanical strength and resistance to osmolarity changes, are superior to chondrocytes alone (Guilak et al 1999;Hing et al 2002;Knight et al 2001). Through chondron studies, the PCM has been shown to profoundly influence chondrocytes on matrix production (Graff et al 2003;Larson et al 2001) and global gene expression (Zhang et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A proteomic approach for identification and localization of the pericellular components of chondrocytes

Zhang

Beckett

et al. 2011

Histochem Cell Biol

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Although the pericellular matrix (PCM) plays a central role in the communication between chondrocytes and extracellular matrix, its composition is largely unknown. In this study, the PCM was investigated with a proteomic approach using chondrons, which are enzymatically isolated constructs including the chondrocyte and its surrounding PCM. Chondrons and chondrocytes alone were isolated from human articular cartilage. Proteins extracted from chondrons and chondrocytes were used for two-dimensional electrophoresis. Protein spots were quantitatively compared between chondron and chondrocyte gels. Cellular proteins, which had similar density between chondron and chondrocyte gels, did not proceed for analysis. Since chondrons only differ from chondrocytes in association of the PCM, protein spots in the chondron gels that had higher quantity than that in the chondrocyte gels were selected as candidates of the PCM components and processed for mass spectrometry. Among 15 identified peptides, several were fragments of the three type VI collagen chains (α-1, α-2, and α-3). Other identified PCM proteins included triosephosphate isomerase, transforming growth factor-β induced protein, peroxiredoxin-4, ADAM (A disintegrin and metalloproteinases) 28, and latent-transforming growth factor beta-binding protein-2. These PCM components were verified with immunohisto(cyto)chemistry for localization in the PCM region of articular cartilage. The abundance of type VI collagen in the PCM emphasizes its importance to the microenvironment of chondrocytes. Several proteins were localized in the PCM of chondrocytes for the first time and that warrants further investigation for their functions in cartilage biology.

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The influence of the pericellular microenvironment on the chondrocyte response to osmotic challenge

Cited by 73 publications

References 50 publications

Biomechanical analysis of structural deformation in living cells

Biomechanical analysis of structural deformation in living cells

Micromechanical properties of chondrocytes and chondrons: relevance to articular cartilage tissue engineering

A proteomic approach for identification and localization of the pericellular components of chondrocytes

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