The influence of the social and cultural environment on maternal mortality in Nigeria: Evidence from the 2013 demographic and health survey

Ariyo, Oluwatosin; Ozodiegwu, Ifeoma D.; Doctor, Henry V.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0190285

Cited by 27 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The results of determinants of maternal death in Iran were mainly compatible with most of the available evidence in the world. For example, having C-section delivery in most of the studies are associated with higher death among mothers mostly due to being associated with more bleeding and hysterectomy in mothers with C-section delivery [31–33]. The results of the present review in terms of socioeconomic status of mothers, location of birth and death, having skilled birth attendant and prenatal care were also in line with most of the global evidence [31–33].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…For example, having C-section delivery in most of the studies are associated with higher death among mothers mostly due to being associated with more bleeding and hysterectomy in mothers with C-section delivery [31–33]. The results of the present review in terms of socioeconomic status of mothers, location of birth and death, having skilled birth attendant and prenatal care were also in line with most of the global evidence [31–33]. However, despite the finding of this review, most literature indicated the higher rate of death among rural mothers compared to mothers living in urban areas [31–34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determinants and causes of maternal mortality in Iran based on ICD-MM: a systematic review

et al. 2019

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BackgroundNo systematic review has explored the causes of and factors associated with maternal mortality in the context of Iran. This study reviewed determinants and causes of maternal mortalities during pregnancy, delivery and the puerperium using the International Classification of Diseases-Maternal Mortality (ICD-MM), introduced by the World Health Organization.MethodsA systematic electronic search of all the studies that identified causes and/or determinants of maternal deaths in any part of Iran or in the whole country were included, without any restriction of time or language of studies. To identify the studies to include in this study, a combination of hand searching and bibliographies was also conducted. These sources and citations yielded a total of 653 articles; nevertheless, only 29 articles met the inclusion criteria, hence, required data were extracted, summarized, and grouped together from these papers and are reported in the tables.ResultsAmongst the 29 studies published between 2003 and 2017 in Iran, 24 studies were cross-sectional. Overall, 4633 deaths were reviewed, and 2655 (58%) of the cases included the data on the causes of death generally. According to the ICD-MM, a total of 69.9, 20.6, and 5.2% of the mortalities were due to direct, indirect and unspecified causes respectively and 4.3% of the causes were not clear in several studies. The leading direct and indirect causes of death were identified as hemorrhage (30.7%) and hypertensive disorders (17.1%) and circulatory system diseases (8.1%) respectively. Several factors including gravidity, type of delivery, socio-economic status of mothers, locations of birth, death and maternity care venues were found in the original studies as the most important determinant of maternal mortalities in Iran.ConclusionsThis study, provided an updated summary of evidences on the causes and determinants of maternal death in Iran, which is critically important for the development of interventions and reduction of the burden of maternal mortality and morbidities.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants and causes of maternal mortality in Iran based on ICD-MM: a systematic review

et al. 2019

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“…Still, data provided by the siblings of deceased women contain important information and remain very useful where other data (vital registry) are limited and maternal mortality cannot be directly determined. Also, evidence suggests that living women and their deceased siblings often share similar sociodemographic attributes, supporting our approach of using respondent attributes for evaluating maternal mortality of siblings [23][24][25].…”

Section: Limitationssupporting

confidence: 61%

“…These included ethnicity, religion, type of residence, educational level, wealth, type of contraception use, media exposure, distance to health facility, water quality, social autonomy, attitude towards domestic violence, and location. We assumed the deceased siblings were of the same household and thus would share similar characteristics [23][24][25].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ratios and determinants of maternal mortality: a comparison of geographic differences in the northern and southern regions of Cameroon

Meh

Thind

Terry

2020

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth

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Background: While maternal mortality has declined worldwide in the past 25 years, this is not the case for Cameroon. Since there is a predominantly young population in this country, high maternal mortality ratios may persist. Maternal mortality ratios vary within countries, yet it is unknown if the North and South, the most distinct parts of Cameroon, differ in terms of ratios and determinants of maternal mortality. Methods: This study explored ratios and determinants of maternal mortality in women of childbearing age (15-49 years) and assessed differences between the North and South. We used the Cameroon Demographic and Health Surveys (2004 and 2011) to extract a sample of 18,665 living or deceased women who had given birth. Multivariable logistic regression was used to explore the relationship between maternal mortality and sociocultural, economic and healthcare factors. Results: Maternal mortality ratios were different for the two regions and increased in the North in 2011 compared to 2004. In the North, any level of education and being Muslim were protective against maternal mortality. Meanwhile, the odds of maternal mortality decreased with increasing age, and having secondary or higher education in the South. Domestic violence and ethnicity were associated with maternal death in the South. Increasing parity was protective of maternal death in both the North and South. Conclusions: Maternal mortality ratios and determinants varied between women of childbearing age in the North and South of Cameroon. These reinforce recommendations for region specific strategies that will improve health communication, community education programs, curb domestic violence and train more community health workers to connect pregnant women with the health system. Programs to reduce maternal death among women with low parity and little or no education should be national priority.

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“…This is a reflection of the deficiencies in our health facilities, where there are still yawning gaps in terms of equipment and manpower needs, especially in emergencies. [16][17][18][19] This study stands out for being prospective and the organsystem definition of MNMs being used. It was,s however, a hospital-based study, and a wider study population may be needed for better deductions of the actual situations in the community.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>A Comparison of the Characteristics of Maternal Near-Misses and Maternal Deaths in Enugu, Southeast Nigeria: A 3-Year Prospective Study</p>

Ugwu¹,

Iyoke²,

Ezugwu³

et al. 2020

IJWH

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Background: Maternal near-misses, also known as severe acute maternal morbidity, have become globally recognized as an appropriate indicator of obstetric care. Women experiencing maternal near-misses are more in number than maternal deaths, and can provide more specific and detailed evidence, as the patient herself can be a leading source of useful information. Objective: To determine the frequency of maternal near-misses and maternal deaths in the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital in Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, document the primary determinant factor that caused these, and compare cases of maternal near-miss and maternal deaths. Methods: This was a 3-year prospective study of all women admitted for delivery or within 42 days of delivery or termination of pregnancy at the hospital. Data were collected prospectively in consecutive patients in a pro forma manner and entered into SPSS version 17 for Windows. Results: There was a total of 2,236 deliveries, of which 88 had severe maternal outcomes. Of the latter, 60 were maternal near-misses, while 28 suffered maternal death. The maternal nearmiss:mortality ratio was found to be 2.14. The maternal mortality ratio here was 1,252 per 100,000. All the 88 women that had severe maternal outcomes lived at least 5 km from the hospital. The leading organ-system dysfunction in this study was cardiovascular, manifesting as shock and cardiac arrest, and respiratory, manifesting as gasping and cyanosis. Leading complications were severe hemorrhage, anemia, and hypertensive disorders. The pattern of complications was similar in both near-misses and maternal deaths, but cases of hypertensive disorders and exploratory laparotomy as an intervention for those with organ dysfunction were noted to be higher in near-miss cases, and differences were statistically significant. Conclusion: It was concluded that despite numerous similarities in the characteristics of patients who had had maternal near-misses or died, our study points out that those who succumb to death are often <40 years of age, poorly educated, unemployed, usually present as unbooked emergencies from a distance >5 km and suffer maternal death within 24 hours of presentation.

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The influence of the social and cultural environment on maternal mortality in Nigeria: Evidence from the 2013 demographic and health survey

Cited by 27 publications

References 30 publications

Determinants and causes of maternal mortality in Iran based on ICD-MM: a systematic review

Determinants and causes of maternal mortality in Iran based on ICD-MM: a systematic review

Ratios and determinants of maternal mortality: a comparison of geographic differences in the northern and southern regions of Cameroon

<p>A Comparison of the Characteristics of Maternal Near-Misses and Maternal Deaths in Enugu, Southeast Nigeria: A 3-Year Prospective Study</p>

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