The influence of the spin-orbit and the hyperfine interaction on the asymptotic behaviour of the A 1Σu+ state of Na2

Knöckel, H.; Johr, T.; Richter, Herbert P.; Tiemann, E.

doi:10.1016/0301-0104(91)85014-8

Cited by 32 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…[2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] Recently, the rapid development in laser cooling, trapping and Bose-Einstein condensation has again triggered many new investigations of the long-range interactions of the alkali dimers. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] This is because accurate knowledge of the long-range potential curves ͑especially correlated with the ground and the first-excited asymptotes such as 4sϩ4s and 4sϩ4p for K 2 ͒ is crucial in the interpretation of many new physical phenomena associated with ultracold atoms, such as cold collision dynamics, 17,18 photoassociative ionization, [19][20][21] fine-and hyperfine predissociation, [22][23][24] optical suppression of inelastic collisions, [25][26][27] as well as the stability of Bose-Einstein condensates. [28][29][30] Since long-range interactions are always associated with highly excited molecular vibrational levels and very weak binding energies ͑typically a few eV͒, determination of long-range potential energy curves based on conventional molecular spectroscopy is extremely difficult because direct Franck-Condon transitions are not able to access these vibrational levels near dissociation from the thermally populated region of the bound ground state.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Long-range interaction of the 39K(4s)+39K(4p) asymptote by photoassociative spectroscopy. I. The g− pure long-range state and the long-range potential constants

Wang

Gould

Stwalley

1997

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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Long-range interaction of the 39K(4s)+39K(4p) asymptote by photoassociative spectroscopy. I. The 0g− pure long-range state and the long-range potential constants This paper reports on a comprehensive study of the long-range interaction of the 39 K(4s) ϩ 39 K(4p) asymptotic system. We present a detailed discussion of the R-dependent angular momentum couplings and correlation between the Hund's case ͑a͒ and case ͑c͒ molecular states. Analytical expressions for the 16 adiabatic Hund's case ͑c͒ long-range potential curves are derived including the higher order dispersion forces and the effects of retardation. Experimentally, six Hund's case ͑c͒ long-range molecular states ͑0 u ϩ , 1 g , and 0 g Ϫ dissociating to the 4 2 S 1/2 ϩ4 2 P 3/2 asymptote and 0 u ϩ , 1 g , and 0 g Ϫ to the 4 2 S 1/2 ϩ4 2 P 1/2 limit͒ are observed with rovibrational resolution by photoassociative spectroscopy of ultracold 39 K atoms in a high density magneto-optical trap ͑MOT͒. Among the six observed long-range states, the upper 0 g Ϫ ''pure long-range'' state has negligible short-range chemical exchange contributions and the measured molecular binding energies (vϭ0 -26) are used to precisely determine the long-range potential constants of the 4sϩ4 p interaction. We determine: C 3 ⌸ ϭ8.436(14) a.u., C 3 ⌺ ϭ16.872(28) a.u., C 6 ⌸ ϭ6272(94) a.u., and C 6 ⌺ ϭ9365(141) a.u.. Molecular constants for the three special pure long-range states, the 0 g Ϫ and 1 u ͑dissociating to the 4 2 P 3/2 limit and with potential minimum͒ and the 1 u ͑dissociating to the 4 2 P 1/2 and with potential maximum͒, are reported. The internal consistency of the theoretical model used in this work is confirmed by the excellent agreement between the long-range potential curve of the 1 g state obtained in present work ͑from the 0 g Ϫ state͒ and the long-range portion of the RKR potential curve of the 1 1 ⌸ g state previously determined by conventional molecular spectroscopy. The radiative lifetime of the K 4 p state derived from the dipole-dipole interaction constant C 3 ⌸ is also in excellent agreement with a recent fast-beam measurement.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Long-range interaction of the 39K(4s)+39K(4p) asymptote by photoassociative spectroscopy. I. The g− pure long-range state and the long-range potential constants

Wang

Gould

Stwalley

1997

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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“…Laser L 2 excites from v" = 31 directly to the asymptotic region 3s+3p of Na 2 and we detect the induced fluorescence, which is in the wavelength range around the sodium D lines. Details about the setup for the molecular beam, the laser system and the detection scheme are described in [6] and [7].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We recently reported on another experimental approach [6,7] using a beam of molecules, where the internuclear distance is increased stepwise by Franck-Condon pumping. We reach bound levels of the A 1 Σ + u state of Na 2 with classical outer turning points up to 300Å.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-range interactions in molecules and rotational coupling

Elbs¹,

Keck²,

Knöckel³

et al. 1997

Z Phys D - Atoms, Molecules and Clusters

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We report a case study on Na 2 of the influence of rotational coupling for molecular states directly below the dissociation limit, where the electronic binding energy and the hyperfine interactions are of similar magnitude and the rotational energy can be varied from small to large compared to the former energies. The experimental observation and the theoretical analysis are important for obtaining precise data concerning long-range interactions and extrapolation to the dissociation limit, which are required for describing cold collisions in atomic traps. A consistent model for all observations with rotational quantum number J up to 41 is developed which involves few atomic parameters and demonstrates that these are sufficient to describe molecular levels few µeV below the dissociation energy.

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“…They relabelled the Rydberg states according to the dominated hydrogenic nlk characters of the Rydberg orbital and classified the Rydberg states as core-penetrating versus core-nonpenetrating states. Among the Rydberg states studied by the laser spectroscopy, some unusual behaviors such as double minima [4], ''shelf'' potentials [5], hyperfine splitting at dissociation limits [6], pure long states [7,8], and potential barriers [9,10], demonstrate the phenomena of quantum nature in atomic interactions. One of the most interesting phenomenon among them is the potential barrier.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%